Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

ROBERT M PAUL

Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers Physician Assistant

NPI
1972811412
CMS profile
10609309
Location
CHULA VISTA, CA

General Payments · PY2021–2024

$12,958.25

  • Reported across 453 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$3,306.08

166 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $3,185.51 164
Travel and Lodging $120.57 2

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2021 $1,507.64 70
PY2022 $4,332.82 94
PY2023 $3,811.71 123
PY2024 $3,306.08 166

Payment records · PY2024 (166)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
Amgen Inc. $18.81 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117349762 CMS
Axonics, Inc. $141.56 06/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142391066 CMS
Axonics, Inc. $141.89 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142391126 CMS
Axonics, Inc. $5.76 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142391136 CMS
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.04 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1134020298 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $84.62 01/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1069136112 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $25.02 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092713244 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $11.00 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1069136114 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $128.05 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092713250 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $36.15 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092713248 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $29.12 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092713246 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $9.96 01/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135202932 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $22.39 01/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135208006 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $7.47 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135340910 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $19.97 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135218120 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $19.19 03/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135234735 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $9.82 04/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135240317 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $16.02 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135343074 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $16.64 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135248346 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $21.46 05/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135254172 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $8.08 06/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135262048 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $19.46 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135265266 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $22.18 07/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135275955 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $20.42 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135285955 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $6.20 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135293246 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $5.87 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135296507 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $5.54 09/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135305564 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $8.62 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135312865 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $18.34 11/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135320791 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $19.91 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135326520 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $10.22 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135333463 CMS
Collegium Pharmaceutical, Inc. $18.16 12/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135339765 CMS
Curonix LLC $22.33 01/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132917783 CMS
Curonix LLC $12.13 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132917785 CMS
Curonix LLC $71.40 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132917787 CMS
Curonix LLC $7.42 05/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132917789 CMS
Curonix LLC $22.98 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132917791 CMS
Curonix LLC $30.13 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132917793 CMS
Curonix LLC $15.54 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132917795 CMS
Curonix LLC $17.00 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132917797 CMS
Curonix LLC $42.60 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132917799 CMS
Curonix LLC $20.91 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132917801 CMS
Curonix LLC $4.61 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132917803 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $11.20 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425529 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $19.60 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425531 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $18.24 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425533 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $14.09 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425535 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $16.95 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425537 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $14.00 03/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425539 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $13.54 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425541 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $21.15 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425543 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $11.95 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425545 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $7.20 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425547 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $15.05 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425549 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $11.95 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425551 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $24.28 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425553 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $13.53 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425555 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $14.88 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425557 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $8.97 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425559 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $21.09 06/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425561 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $11.35 06/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425563 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $12.99 07/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425565 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $18.63 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425567 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $13.50 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425569 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $14.31 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425571 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $14.77 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425573 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $18.08 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425575 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $10.06 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425577 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $5.45 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425579 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $13.66 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425581 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $18.03 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425583 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $15.94 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425585 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $8.69 09/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425587 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $15.63 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425589 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $16.47 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425591 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $15.75 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425593 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $9.28 11/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425595 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $19.66 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425597 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $9.51 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425599 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $16.53 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425601 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $10.36 12/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425603 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $10.10 12/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425605 CMS
Forte Bio-Pharma LLC $13.75 12/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142425607 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $0.78 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998015 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $16.16 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998045 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $7.60 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998027 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $15.16 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998041 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $6.35 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998023 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $12.14 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998039 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $7.87 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998031 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $2.96 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998019 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $15.28 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998043 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $1.21 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998017 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $16.67 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998047 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $7.11 06/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998025 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $5.83 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998021 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $7.82 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998029 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $10.48 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998037 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $8.52 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998033 CMS
Nalu Medical, Inc. $8.66 11/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133998035 CMS
Nevro Corp. $19.27 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758536 CMS
Nevro Corp. $138.26 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758526 CMS
Nevro Corp. $9.70 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758540 CMS
Nevro Corp. $6.95 04/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758538 CMS
Nevro Corp. $6.96 04/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758544 CMS
Nevro Corp. $8.83 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758550 CMS
Nevro Corp. $86.20 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758542 CMS
Nevro Corp. $13.25 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758590 CMS
Nevro Corp. $33.14 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758676 CMS
Nevro Corp. $19.80 06/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758546 CMS
Nevro Corp. $25.58 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758580 CMS
Nevro Corp. $10.40 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758532 CMS
Nevro Corp. $18.03 07/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758534 CMS
Nevro Corp. $12.73 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758670 CMS
Nevro Corp. $8.71 10/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758584 CMS
Nevro Corp. $3.02 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758582 CMS
Nevro Corp. $6.75 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758588 CMS
Nevro Corp. $16.52 11/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758528 CMS
Nevro Corp. $81.31 11/02/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758630 CMS
Nevro Corp. $39.26 11/04/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758632 CMS
Nevro Corp. $7.72 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758548 CMS
Nevro Corp. $6.18 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758586 CMS
Nevro Corp. $14.04 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758530 CMS
Nevro Corp. $14.39 12/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130758668 CMS
PAINTEQ LLC $104.37 10/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142008437 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $22.15 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153526423 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $23.44 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153559393 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $18.03 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153608128 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $12.07 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153509037 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $1.22 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153496886 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $3.69 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153661112 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $15.36 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153520050 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $16.44 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153417291 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $5.66 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153674298 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $0.57 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153586986 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $15.51 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153598419 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $5.89 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153657781 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.04 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153519538 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.53 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153676816 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $5.53 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153514622 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $5.54 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153690434 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $7.16 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153714019 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $0.80 08/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153427591 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $24.13 08/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153681007 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $16.02 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153497830 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $16.66 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153612680 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.01 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153629749 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $18.90 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153666532 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $12.25 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153452773 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.92 12/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153697959 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $23.42 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136227289 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $20.53 03/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136228720 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $9.35 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136237990 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $2.48 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136237994 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $9.70 05/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136241402 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $13.93 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136245797 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $14.00 06/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136250431 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $8.08 06/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136253773 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $22.99 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136265095 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $20.32 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136285599 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $7.85 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136287774 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $9.44 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136291236 CMS
SI-BONE, INC. $48.27 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120059338 CMS
Vertos Medical, Inc. $21.05 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133353942 CMS
Vertos Medical, Inc. $119.14 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133353940 CMS
Vertos Medical, Inc. $14.88 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133353944 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.