IndustryPayments
Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

JOANNE TOWERS

Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers Physician Assistant

NPI
1932681376
CMS profile
10504334
Location
FAIRFAX, VA

General Payments · PY2021–2024

$15,952.03

  • Reported across 492 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$5,263.90

162 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

Related groups: Physician Assistant VA All categories

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $5,075.90 160
Education $188.00 2

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $785.83 24
Incyte Corporation $680.98 19
ABBVIE INC. $490.72 18
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $363.60 12
LEO Pharma Inc. $359.05 7
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION $334.72 11
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $292.26 12
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $270.28 8
Lilly USA, LLC $248.13 11
GENZYME CORPORATION $236.93 5
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $219.48 11
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $216.08 7
PFIZER INC. $180.05 4
UCB, Inc. $155.80 4
Almirall LLC $154.24 2
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $122.07 1
Amgen Inc. $85.89 3
Medimetriks Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $41.03 1
STRATA Skin Sciences, Inc. $26.76 2

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2021 $2,709.45 93
PY2022 $3,667.74 110
PY2023 $4,310.94 127
PY2024 $5,263.90 162

Payment records · PY2024 (162)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $14.72 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322086 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $31.72 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322088 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $33.80 03/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322090 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.65 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322092 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $33.51 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322094 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.50 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322096 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $124.45 08/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322098 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.31 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322100 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.78 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322102 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.05 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322104 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.92 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322106 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.65 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322108 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.04 10/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322110 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.36 11/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322112 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.36 11/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322114 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $24.35 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322116 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.86 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322118 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $33.69 12/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108322120 CMS
Almirall LLC $29.27 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120645341 CMS
Almirall LLC $124.97 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120645449 CMS
Amgen Inc. $25.79 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117703022 CMS
Amgen Inc. $28.77 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117703024 CMS
Amgen Inc. $31.33 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117703026 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $15.04 02/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128019558 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $11.10 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128019560 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $124.44 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128019562 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $7.38 07/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128019564 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $9.94 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128019566 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $23.59 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128019568 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $24.59 12/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128019570 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.20 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388174 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.53 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388188 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $5.09 04/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388178 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.67 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388204 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $112.46 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388206 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.20 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388208 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $11.64 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388210 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $8.20 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388212 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $110.59 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388214 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.20 07/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388224 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $8.08 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388218 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $13.33 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388238 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.19 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388242 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $4.28 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388234 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $99.00 10/01/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388258 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $74.25 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388256 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $30.55 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388264 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $25.28 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388262 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $5.26 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388248 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $0.68 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388250 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.21 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388328 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $30.48 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388268 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $119.17 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388344 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $27.29 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101388332 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $8.82 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397128 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $22.07 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397130 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $22.07 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397132 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $2.27 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397134 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $0.92 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397136 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $7.84 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397138 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $22.97 06/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397140 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $18.67 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397142 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $5.13 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397144 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $151.31 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397146 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $20.61 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397148 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $9.58 10/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145397150 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $14.91 04/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139937897 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $29.04 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139937905 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $13.52 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139937901 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $141.74 06/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139937929 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $37.72 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139937959 CMS
Incyte Corporation $29.34 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141283277 CMS
Incyte Corporation $26.57 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141177130 CMS
Incyte Corporation $89.00 02/22/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141282837 CMS
Incyte Corporation $25.36 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141245622 CMS
Incyte Corporation $27.30 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141283931 CMS
Incyte Corporation $16.62 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141284181 CMS
Incyte Corporation $17.91 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141284733 CMS
Incyte Corporation $18.64 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141208787 CMS
Incyte Corporation $120.08 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141266791 CMS
Incyte Corporation $23.11 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141321417 CMS
Incyte Corporation $20.68 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141209613 CMS
Incyte Corporation $23.67 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141254410 CMS
Incyte Corporation $124.74 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141282442 CMS
Incyte Corporation $16.09 09/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141193757 CMS
Incyte Corporation $12.07 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141210303 CMS
Incyte Corporation $28.72 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141286815 CMS
Incyte Corporation $16.59 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141287030 CMS
Incyte Corporation $25.24 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141314649 CMS
Incyte Corporation $19.25 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141282526 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $29.32 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078796936 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $19.19 01/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078798763 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $117.28 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078796804 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $21.55 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078796999 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $20.99 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078798240 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $19.16 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078797719 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $19.90 07/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078796673 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $24.59 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078797265 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $20.41 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078797111 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $33.39 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078797016 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $23.82 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078797211 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $14.00 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078796641 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $17.48 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152691633 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $20.94 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152691635 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $161.60 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152691637 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $19.89 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152691639 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $2.13 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152691641 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $23.01 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152691643 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $114.00 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152691645 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $22.87 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135711276 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.70 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135658751 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $23.74 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135711278 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $24.36 06/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135658753 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $27.18 10/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135658557 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $5.24 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135645983 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $0.76 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135693900 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $4.82 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135711274 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $4.88 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135726429 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $26.04 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135693898 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $87.54 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135708874 CMS
Medimetriks Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $41.03 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089388161 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $15.30 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087363700 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $28.53 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087363704 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $23.91 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087363702 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $20.28 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087363706 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $136.50 06/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087363708 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $21.28 06/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087363710 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $5.65 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087363712 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $19.51 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087363714 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $24.18 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087363716 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $8.50 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087363718 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $31.08 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087363720 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $8.95 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153824898 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $8.48 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153824900 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.52 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153824902 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.82 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153824904 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $124.45 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153824888 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.57 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153824906 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.68 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153824908 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $3.34 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153824890 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $8.40 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153824892 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $8.54 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153824894 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.73 11/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153824896 CMS
PFIZER INC. $28.10 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131117482 CMS
PFIZER INC. $27.90 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131367089 CMS
PFIZER INC. $101.26 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131439099 CMS
PFIZER INC. $22.79 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131992081 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $20.59 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114382872 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $36.18 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114382874 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $16.35 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114382876 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $115.20 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114382878 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $32.28 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114382880 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $5.82 10/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114382882 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $21.93 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114382884 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $21.93 12/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114382886 CMS
STRATA Skin Sciences, Inc. $16.92 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146583597 CMS
STRATA Skin Sciences, Inc. $9.84 12/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146583599 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $122.07 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152241669 CMS
UCB, Inc. $29.73 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143094215 CMS
UCB, Inc. $94.75 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143094217 CMS
UCB, Inc. $3.84 03/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143094219 CMS
UCB, Inc. $27.48 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143094221 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.