Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

KENNETH N SOKOLSKI

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Psychiatry & Neurology Psychiatry

NPI
1841395530
CMS profile
83724
Location
HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$17,989.99

  • Reported across 864 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$3,322.47

159 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $3,310.32 158
Education $12.15 1

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $1,456.07 70
PY2019 $1,612.81 76
PY2020 $1,487.70 77
PY2021 $2,363.79 107
PY2022 $3,687.58 180
PY2023 $4,059.57 195
PY2024 $3,322.47 159

Payment records · PY2024 (159)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $26.84 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134564 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.77 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134566 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.25 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134568 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.17 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134570 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.35 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134572 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.42 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134574 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.60 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134576 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.85 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134578 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $28.57 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134580 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $34.98 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134582 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.52 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134584 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.77 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134586 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.20 04/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134588 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $25.24 04/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134590 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.12 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134592 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.20 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134594 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.50 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134596 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.83 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134598 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.00 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134600 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.12 06/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134602 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.81 07/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134604 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.24 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134606 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.36 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106134608 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $24.80 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600901 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $20.11 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600903 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $2.70 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600905 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $21.96 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600907 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $5.05 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600909 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $12.09 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600911 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $25.23 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600913 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $15.47 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600915 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $27.41 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600917 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $20.76 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600919 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $19.73 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600921 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $8.63 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600923 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $20.81 11/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120600925 CMS
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $27.95 01/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148295940 CMS
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $28.92 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148295942 CMS
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $32.58 04/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148295944 CMS
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $29.48 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148295946 CMS
Bausch Health US, LLC $21.51 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148021281 CMS
Bausch Health US, LLC $22.28 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148021283 CMS
Bausch Health US, LLC $16.66 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148021285 CMS
Bausch Health US, LLC $22.19 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148021287 CMS
Bausch Health US, LLC $24.32 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148021289 CMS
Corium, LLC $17.12 01/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100106604 CMS
Corium, LLC $32.28 02/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100072653 CMS
Corium, LLC $34.39 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100070909 CMS
Corium, LLC $14.28 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100114636 CMS
Corium, LLC $33.16 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100071781 CMS
Corium, LLC $30.32 03/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100074679 CMS
Corium, LLC $21.11 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100094011 CMS
Corium, LLC $17.38 04/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100105955 CMS
Corium, LLC $32.71 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100072217 CMS
Corium, LLC $28.23 07/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100197918 CMS
Corium, LLC $34.20 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100205528 CMS
Corium, LLC $34.40 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100205668 CMS
Harmony Biosciences Llc $18.91 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141470402 CMS
Harmony Biosciences Llc $32.40 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141472324 CMS
Harmony Biosciences Llc $6.82 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141470262 CMS
Harmony Biosciences Llc $24.84 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141473086 CMS
Harmony Biosciences Llc $12.34 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141469806 CMS
Harmony Biosciences Llc $41.77 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141473036 CMS
HARMONY BIOSCIENCES LLC $21.80 08/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1126058797 CMS
HARMONY BIOSCIENCES LLC $27.69 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1126058795 CMS
IDORSIA PHARMACEUTICALS US INC $21.82 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146755321 CMS
IDORSIA PHARMACEUTICALS US INC $19.34 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146756115 CMS
IDORSIA PHARMACEUTICALS US INC $23.53 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146756686 CMS
IDORSIA PHARMACEUTICALS US INC $19.88 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146758178 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $34.51 01/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146243837 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $34.36 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146246303 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $22.67 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146251863 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $27.74 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146243995 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $22.69 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146246317 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $24.56 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146244147 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $20.50 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146251663 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $9.30 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146251563 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $22.17 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146251441 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $22.40 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146251611 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $14.74 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146264873 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $17.84 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146299648 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $24.96 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146309477 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $14.04 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146290136 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $22.23 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146290162 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $20.62 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146290208 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $7.14 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146325015 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $24.82 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146324985 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $7.78 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146301170 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $9.48 01/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324635 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $29.07 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324639 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $23.38 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324643 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $26.36 02/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324646 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $26.96 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324650 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $28.32 03/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324654 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $10.75 03/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324658 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $22.75 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324661 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $31.02 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324665 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $22.54 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324669 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $21.86 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324672 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $19.94 05/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324676 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $12.28 05/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324680 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $12.15 06/10/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324683 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $28.91 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324687 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $8.44 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324691 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $20.58 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324694 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $21.51 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324698 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $21.91 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324702 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $32.59 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324706 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $15.64 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324710 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $31.97 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324714 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $16.72 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324717 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $15.94 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324721 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $33.22 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324725 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $16.25 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324728 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $28.28 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324732 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $29.76 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324736 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $0.81 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145971072 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $21.96 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145971074 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $30.61 04/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145971076 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $15.64 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145971078 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $27.91 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145971080 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $13.28 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145971082 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $25.98 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145971084 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $24.81 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145971086 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $9.26 12/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145971088 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $25.67 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986062 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $26.75 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986064 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $7.72 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986066 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $22.88 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986068 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $13.56 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986070 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $22.50 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986072 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $21.09 06/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986074 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $20.91 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986076 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $7.90 07/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986078 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $12.31 07/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986080 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $18.98 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986082 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $16.00 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118986084 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $15.28 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137679371 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $17.55 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137679373 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $21.47 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137679375 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $21.47 11/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137679377 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $21.47 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137679379 CMS
Tris Pharma Inc $21.83 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147225709 CMS
Tris Pharma Inc $20.04 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147225705 CMS
Tris Pharma Inc $8.33 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147225697 CMS
Tris Pharma Inc $18.43 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147225699 CMS
Tris Pharma Inc $19.80 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147225703 CMS
Tris Pharma Inc $19.61 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147225701 CMS
Tris Pharma Inc $20.58 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147225707 CMS
Tris Pharma Inc $22.76 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147225711 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $29.52 01/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133921149 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $14.16 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133921151 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $14.28 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133921153 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $14.87 06/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133921155 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $29.30 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133921157 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $26.90 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133921159 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $32.86 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133921161 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $35.73 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133921163 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $16.98 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133921165 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.