Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

BRIAN HARNER

Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers Physician Assistant

NPI
1780011122
CMS profile
10857124
Location
CHATTANOOGA, TN

General Payments · PY2021–2024

$8,372.02

  • Reported across 524 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$2,769.38

158 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $2,769.38 158

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2021 $1,586.06 95
PY2022 $2,109.66 141
PY2023 $1,906.92 130
PY2024 $2,769.38 158

Payment records · PY2024 (158)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $13.82 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290960 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.08 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290962 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.13 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290964 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.27 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290966 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.53 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290968 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.10 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290970 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.20 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290972 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $2.18 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290974 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.06 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290976 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.67 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290978 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $26.64 03/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290980 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.80 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290982 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.21 04/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290984 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $2.20 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290986 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.92 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290988 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.87 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290990 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.44 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290992 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.71 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290994 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $109.99 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290996 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $24.21 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107290998 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.36 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291000 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.87 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291002 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.70 07/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291004 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.07 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291006 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.20 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291008 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.89 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291010 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.21 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291012 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.37 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291014 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.62 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291016 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.55 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291018 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.79 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291020 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.16 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291022 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.08 10/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291024 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $28.71 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291026 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $124.70 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291028 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.17 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291030 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.65 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291032 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.93 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291034 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.14 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291036 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.04 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107291038 CMS
AIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS, INC. $16.76 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146981528 CMS
AIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS, INC. $21.10 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146996510 CMS
AIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS, INC. $22.84 11/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146996282 CMS
Ambu Inc. $10.00 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1134077940 CMS
Ardelyx, Inc. $14.91 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146729698 CMS
Braintree Laboratories, Inc. $14.29 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125520456 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $17.98 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089431216 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $19.47 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089431220 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $20.04 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089431218 CMS
Endogastric Solutions, Inc $13.34 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144678408 CMS
Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC $19.94 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146949766 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $22.72 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133717325 CMS
IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC $18.44 02/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153737983 CMS
IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC $13.88 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153711682 CMS
IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC $17.51 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153764791 CMS
IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC $15.54 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153769440 CMS
IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC $15.29 10/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153764793 CMS
IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC $18.31 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153720524 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.90 02/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078648684 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $125.00 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078649331 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $14.01 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078649112 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $3.83 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078649823 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $21.12 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078649939 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.00 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078650477 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $15.40 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078649689 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $17.01 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078650090 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $20.56 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078650199 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $4.81 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078649012 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $18.47 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078650520 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $21.39 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078648902 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $4.15 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078649161 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $21.86 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078650454 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $60.04 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078649604 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $1.87 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078650227 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $11.65 12/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078650341 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $22.07 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135575056 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $15.76 12/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135580656 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $23.85 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144192034 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $33.63 12/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144192036 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $20.81 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116991000 CMS
PFIZER INC. $5.11 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131830798 CMS
PFIZER INC. $109.99 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131811296 CMS
PFIZER INC. $24.76 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131889113 CMS
PFIZER INC. $5.80 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131850973 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.69 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131934108 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $12.77 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151172022 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $12.06 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151172024 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.38 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151172026 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $12.06 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151172028 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.31 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151172030 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $110.00 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151172032 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.74 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151172034 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.74 09/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151172036 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $14.06 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151172038 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.29 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151172040 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $22.04 04/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114312206 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $13.73 01/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153472172 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $20.16 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153600015 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.00 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153614022 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $6.94 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153438396 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.12 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153504495 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $13.55 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153645756 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $7.55 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153470555 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.17 04/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153624867 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $9.80 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153611473 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.80 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153653066 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $7.52 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153452961 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $3.27 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153601711 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $6.68 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153610754 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $9.88 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153658269 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $13.23 05/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153471071 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $8.28 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153466597 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $9.91 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153519318 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $7.09 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153439985 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $7.39 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153528725 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $16.48 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153655575 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $7.34 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153614324 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $8.05 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153660790 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $9.09 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153582199 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $3.54 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153677328 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.66 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153528227 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $5.31 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153754680 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $7.22 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153621975 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.49 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153648242 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $6.65 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153580987 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.90 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153657141 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $12.34 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153701309 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $9.49 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153439121 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $2.64 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153469379 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $6.01 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153561393 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $13.65 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153583070 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $18.38 10/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153742065 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.18 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153656455 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.45 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153462002 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $9.02 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153521592 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.13 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153635244 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $4.75 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153609224 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $9.28 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153512756 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $7.78 11/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153398116 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $6.89 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153593937 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $19.56 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153475452 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.57 12/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153516696 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.68 12/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153601531 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $4.38 12/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153658547 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $16.84 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759590 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $19.08 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759592 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $14.40 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759594 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $3.49 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759596 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $11.33 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759598 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $20.45 06/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759600 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $18.95 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759602 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $21.55 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759604 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $4.09 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759606 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $19.45 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759608 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $18.29 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759610 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $22.44 11/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759612 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $9.31 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759614 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $18.14 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137759616 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.