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Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · CMS publication 2026-06-30 View official record

Reflects CMS Open Payments as of 2026-07-26T04:22:22Z. CMS updates this data on an annual cycle, and corrections or successful disputes made at CMS may not yet appear here. The official CMS record is authoritative for the current state. View the official CMS record ↗

Covered recipient · General Payments record

PAUL S LEE

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Internal Medicine Gastroenterology

NPI
1760531693
CMS profile
80223
Location
IRVINE, CA

A name match is not confirmation of identity. CMS publishes records for different people under similar names; the NPI, specialty, and location shown on this page are the CMS-published fields that distinguish them.

General Payments · PY2019–2025

  • CMS publication 2026-06-30

Latest program year · PY2025

$3,033.19

151 records · 0 disputed

“Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.”

— Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments

A reported payment reflects a financial relationship a company disclosed. It does not indicate wrongdoing or a conflict of interest, and it says nothing about the quality of a provider's care.

These records are submitted to CMS and attested to by the reporting companies. CMS publishes them as reported; this site mirrors them without independent verification.

A payment attributed to a provider may have been made to a third party — a hospital, practice, or research institution — rather than paid to the provider personally.

How these totals are calculated
  • This total is the sum of the individual General Payments record amounts CMS published for the labeled program year(s); each record amount is used unmodified. The total itself is computed by this site. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): (records>=3 OR total>=100) AND records>=2 AND NPI identity (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2025 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $3,033.19 151

By paying entity

PY2025 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
ABBVIE INC. $1,414.55 78
AIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS, INC. $438.11 22
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $369.85 11
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $228.43 15
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $144.51 6
GENZYME CORPORATION $116.31 4
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $83.20 3
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $61.82 4
Braintree Laboratories, Inc. $57.71 2
Lilly USA, LLC $47.54 2
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $22.38 1
QOL Medical, LLC $21.58 1
INTERCEPT PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. $17.27 1
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $9.93 1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2019 $1,897.72 118
PY2020 $2,411.76 36
PY2021 $1,439.52 59
PY2022 $2,237.69 92
PY2023 $2,846.75 135
PY2024 $2,747.60 127
PY2025 $3,033.19 151

Payment records · PY2025 (151)

Ordering applied by this site (date, newest first, then paying entity) · record values are shown as CMS published them

Program year 2025 201920202021202220232024 Record-level detail is published for PY2025; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $5.03 12/23/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705877 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.53 12/11/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283479 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.09 12/10/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283475 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.56 12/10/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283477 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $27.56 12/10/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174633270 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.37 12/09/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283473 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.03 12/05/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283471 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $3.44 11/18/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174634022 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $23.17 11/18/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174636240 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $6.39 11/17/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705879 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $8.68 11/13/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174634755 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $34.25 11/06/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283469 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.59 10/31/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283467 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $3.37 10/27/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705917 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.34 10/23/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283465 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $15.89 10/23/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705895 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.71 10/22/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283463 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.73 10/17/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283461 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $11.17 10/09/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705883 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.16 10/08/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283459 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $27.02 10/08/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174634594 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $19.63 10/06/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1248281851 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.65 10/03/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283457 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.18 10/01/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283455 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $4.57 09/30/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705875 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $9.91 09/29/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174637102 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $125.00 09/23/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705915 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.53 09/19/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283453 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $124.26 09/17/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283451 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $19.60 09/17/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705903 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $22.02 09/11/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174634746 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.13 09/10/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283449 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $13.85 09/09/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174635320 CMS
Braintree Laboratories, Inc. $29.09 09/08/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1173778386 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $27.78 09/04/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1248281849 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.75 09/03/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283447 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $13.69 09/03/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1223811362 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.06 08/25/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283445 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $21.06 08/21/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705907 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.36 08/20/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283443 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $30.93 08/12/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283439 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.95 08/12/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283441 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.00 08/06/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283437 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $29.34 08/01/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1233666820 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $31.72 07/29/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1233666816 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.21 07/25/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283435 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.20 07/24/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283433 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.78 07/23/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283431 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $9.37 07/23/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174634731 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $109.46 07/23/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1248281847 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $15.21 07/22/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705891 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.74 07/16/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283429 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $37.68 07/15/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1248281845 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.89 07/14/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283427 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.49 07/10/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283423 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.69 07/10/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283425 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $30.77 07/09/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283421 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $28.67 07/07/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1212972327 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $32.34 07/02/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283417 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.72 07/02/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283419 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.14 07/01/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283415 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $6.70 06/25/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174633976 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $2.16 06/25/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174635972 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $48.96 06/25/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1248281843 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $9.93 06/24/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1219372229 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $24.38 06/23/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1231980092 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.21 06/19/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283411 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.62 06/19/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283413 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.55 06/17/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283409 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $24.38 06/10/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1231980089 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.41 05/30/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283407 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.81 05/28/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283405 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $23.27 05/28/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705911 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.59 05/22/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283403 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.53 05/21/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283401 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.48 05/20/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283399 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.96 05/19/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283397 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.72 05/15/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283395 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $19.90 05/15/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705905 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $25.55 05/14/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1248281841 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $25.37 05/13/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174633419 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $4.25 05/13/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1248281837 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $4.26 05/13/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1248281839 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.29 05/12/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283393 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.56 05/09/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283391 CMS
Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.27 05/08/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249875610 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $21.88 05/08/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1186793837 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.63 05/07/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283389 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $40.06 05/07/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1248281835 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $23.24 05/06/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1248281833 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $33.69 05/06/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1212972325 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $21.15 05/05/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705909 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $26.62 05/02/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283387 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $11.23 05/02/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705885 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $23.53 04/28/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1231980083 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $24.32 04/28/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1231980087 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.25 04/23/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283383 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.76 04/23/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283385 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.33 04/22/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283381 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $25.45 04/17/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283379 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $22.38 04/17/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1234501057 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.61 04/14/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283377 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $28.98 04/14/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1248281831 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $13.84 04/10/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1223812208 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $9.38 04/09/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174634453 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $25.66 04/09/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1186789331 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.60 04/04/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283371 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.26 04/04/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283373 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $24.25 04/04/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283375 CMS
QOL Medical, LLC $21.58 04/03/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1185021176 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $28.46 04/02/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283369 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $15.58 04/02/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705893 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $19.08 03/31/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705901 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $18.52 03/26/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705897 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.52 03/25/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283367 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.75 03/24/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174633655 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $28.46 03/20/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283365 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $18.58 03/20/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705899 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.56 03/19/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283363 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.31 03/13/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283361 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $23.05 03/13/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1174634013 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.36 03/12/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283357 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $26.43 03/12/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283359 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $23.67 03/11/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705913 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $19.12 03/11/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1223849915 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.26 03/07/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283353 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.14 03/07/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283355 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.19 03/06/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283351 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $15.20 03/06/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705889 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $15.17 03/05/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1223820345 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $31.06 03/04/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1233666760 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $24.47 02/28/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1231980081 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $28.88 02/27/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283349 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.17 02/25/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283347 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.24 02/20/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283343 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $28.49 02/20/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283345 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.29 02/06/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283341 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $10.66 02/05/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705881 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $24.19 02/05/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1233666752 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.95 02/04/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283339 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $20.84 01/31/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1212972323 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.02 01/29/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283337 CMS
Braintree Laboratories, Inc. $28.62 01/29/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1173778384 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $23.43 01/23/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1231980077 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.61 01/22/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283335 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.20 01/17/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283331 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $30.48 01/17/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283333 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.70 01/16/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283329 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.35 01/14/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283327 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.86 01/08/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1202283325 CMS
Aimmune Therapeutics, Inc. $13.98 01/08/2025 Food and Beverage No dispute reported 06/30/2026 1249705887 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-06-30
Program years on this page
2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024 , PY2025
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2025_P06302026_06032026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.

Cite this record.

Permalink https://industrypayments.org/provider/npi-1760531693

Plain
PAUL S LEE, NPI 1760531693. IndustryPayments, data edition 2026-07-26T04:22:22Z. https://industrypayments.org/provider/npi-1760531693.
APA 7
IndustryPayments. (2026). PAUL S LEE, NPI 1760531693 (Data edition 2026-07-26T04:22:22Z) [Data set]. https://industrypayments.org/provider/npi-1760531693
Bluebook
PAUL S LEE, NPI 1760531693, IndustryPayments (data edition 2026-07-26T04:22:22Z), https://industrypayments.org/provider/npi-1760531693.

Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments.