Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

MINH H NGUYEN

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Family Medicine

NPI
1750695839
CMS profile
79107
Location
HARRISBURG, PA

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$16,307.01

  • Reported across 1,159 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$2,774.12

166 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $2,774.12 166

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $2,391.94 212
PY2019 $2,323.06 202
PY2020 $2,114.80 164
PY2021 $2,247.23 145
PY2022 $2,020.13 119
PY2023 $2,435.73 151
PY2024 $2,774.12 166

Payment records · PY2024 (166)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $12.12 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120307 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.17 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120309 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.95 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120311 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.37 03/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120313 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.07 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120315 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $32.04 05/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120317 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.53 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120319 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.27 06/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120321 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.46 07/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120323 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.39 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120325 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.87 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120327 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.33 08/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120329 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.55 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105120331 CMS
Amgen Inc. $17.49 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117640401 CMS
Amgen Inc. $13.40 03/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117640403 CMS
Amgen Inc. $24.00 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115968477 CMS
Amgen Inc. $13.50 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117640405 CMS
Amgen Inc. $20.99 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115968483 CMS
Amgen Inc. $15.00 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117640407 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $22.88 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139333528 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $15.05 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104509410 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $18.96 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105449216 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $16.22 04/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105629582 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $15.54 04/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104268597 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $17.61 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104764812 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $96.80 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105891142 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $13.91 08/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104575020 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $15.60 10/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104233835 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.35 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105396288 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $13.19 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105286061 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $26.48 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086138307 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $14.31 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086189998 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $14.32 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086242268 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $15.70 09/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086248826 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $18.42 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086203865 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $16.21 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086256150 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.68 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118140418 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $19.90 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118140422 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.43 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118140412 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.34 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118140414 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $14.62 06/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118140408 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $15.49 07/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118140410 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $21.34 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118140424 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.68 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118140420 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.93 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118140416 CMS
CeQur Corporation $16.13 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1126846790 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $17.95 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117790224 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $14.57 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117790260 CMS
Dexcom, Inc. $18.24 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153323412 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $27.91 06/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101537555 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $30.15 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101537575 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $28.20 09/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101537594 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $24.83 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101537614 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $10.56 11/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101537630 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $19.80 12/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101537657 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $23.79 01/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114809034 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $24.04 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114809039 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $25.33 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114809045 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $38.17 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139864270 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $13.68 01/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116280115 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $0.75 01/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116082517 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $17.95 01/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115864697 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $10.53 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116682799 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $17.94 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116287652 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $16.47 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116268040 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $12.26 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116445374 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $0.54 04/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116572385 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $16.76 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116004871 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $11.42 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116167193 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $14.04 06/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116309321 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $0.64 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116519458 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $20.68 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116535764 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $17.50 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116473085 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $10.69 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116223772 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $0.64 08/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116333307 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $18.28 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116463255 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $12.17 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116117251 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $0.71 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116437027 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $15.83 09/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116461758 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $12.99 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116652803 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $0.71 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116296037 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $16.51 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116646429 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $12.06 11/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116264384 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $0.82 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115794785 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $12.89 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115912185 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $12.17 12/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116367989 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $18.22 12/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116293771 CMS
Inspire Medical Systems, Inc. $15.57 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148088758 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $20.56 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078150085 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $14.93 03/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078150229 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $18.09 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078150021 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $22.15 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078150009 CMS
Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. $13.09 12/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113468981 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.57 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135246611 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $15.44 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135209997 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $11.25 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135207733 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.57 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135209350 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.20 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135173779 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.85 03/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135209346 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $1.49 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135209355 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.17 04/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135207740 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.17 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135196206 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $14.34 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135207736 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.12 07/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135235849 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $29.10 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135196208 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.05 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135207744 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.44 08/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135256510 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $23.73 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135246615 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.17 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135256513 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.17 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135246620 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $3.58 10/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135207748 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $21.09 10/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135207752 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $21.09 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135196204 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $19.71 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145950451 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $18.34 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145950453 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $25.52 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145950455 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $19.34 11/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145950457 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $19.24 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096904033 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $12.64 01/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096919466 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $16.71 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097105100 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $18.45 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096985318 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $8.28 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097123082 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $17.78 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097807568 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $19.24 04/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097293016 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $15.77 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097660749 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $16.28 05/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096879964 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $15.10 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097351641 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $17.60 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096911319 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $7.47 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097548100 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $18.92 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097494647 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $19.24 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097439279 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $17.90 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097184292 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $17.20 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096656887 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $9.85 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096595192 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $18.11 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097218721 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $15.76 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118951122 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $24.66 04/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118951124 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $19.89 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118951126 CMS
PFIZER INC. $13.50 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131048535 CMS
PFIZER INC. $15.64 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131262348 CMS
PFIZER INC. $24.13 04/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132015707 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.50 05/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131539127 CMS
PFIZER INC. $12.68 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130914778 CMS
PFIZER INC. $15.67 06/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131776531 CMS
PFIZER INC. $1.50 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130966145 CMS
PFIZER INC. $13.49 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132026121 CMS
PFIZER INC. $4.14 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131209940 CMS
PFIZER INC. $11.12 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131012688 CMS
PFIZER INC. $11.42 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131164722 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.09 11/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131093029 CMS
PFIZER INC. $12.29 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131146819 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.89 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151102565 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.64 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151102567 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.44 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151102569 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $22.64 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153705054 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $17.63 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153582537 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $9.32 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153393391 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $1.03 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153494047 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $17.17 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153681939 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.49 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153586038 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $22.48 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153636060 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.55 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153601213 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $13.99 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153638462 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $13.99 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153577645 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.71 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153566600 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $23.02 11/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153518226 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.