Covered recipient · General Payments record

STEVEN D HICKS

Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers Physician Assistant

NPI: 1750477725
CMS profile: 11223832
Location: HALFMOON, NY

General Payments · PY2021–2024

$5,779.49

Reported across 383 records
CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$2,574.17

166 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated

The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of payment	Amount	Records
Food and Beverage	$2,555.10	164
Education	$19.07	2

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Paying entity	Amount	Records
ABBVIE INC.	$443.54	28
PFIZER INC.	$370.83	34
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$353.48	14
Corium, Inc.	$258.85	27
Neurelis, Inc.	$224.48	10
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$181.77	14
UCB, Inc.	$151.36	12
SK Life Science, Inc.	$139.33	8
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.	$133.88	7
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$115.84	5
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc	$70.13	3
BIOCODEX, INC.	$64.80	1
LivaNova USA, Inc.	$44.49	2
GENZYME CORPORATION	$21.39	1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program year	Amount	Records
PY2021	$409.39	30
PY2022	$986.31	78
PY2023	$1,809.62	109
PY2024	$2,574.17	166

Payment records · PY2024 (166)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 2021 2022 2023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.

Paying entity	Amount	Date	Nature of payment	Dispute status	Published	Record ID	Source
ABBVIE INC.	$24.58	01/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331342	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$19.12	01/12/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331344	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$7.99	01/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331346	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$7.96	01/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331348	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$7.25	02/07/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331350	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$22.71	02/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331352	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$30.09	03/06/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331354	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$25.09	03/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331356	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$7.29	03/14/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331358	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$34.27	03/14/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331360	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$6.98	03/27/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331362	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$9.48	04/02/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331364	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$26.15	04/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331366	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$9.16	04/24/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331368	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$19.11	04/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331370	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$12.72	05/17/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331372	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$20.22	05/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331374	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$4.34	06/11/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331376	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$15.35	06/18/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331378	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$9.59	06/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331380	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$30.09	07/02/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331382	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$6.30	07/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331384	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$5.04	08/16/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331386	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$24.29	08/23/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331388	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$19.04	10/11/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331390	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$6.52	10/31/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331392	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$9.03	11/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331394	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$23.78	12/06/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1107331396	CMS
BIOCODEX, INC.	$64.80	04/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146420378	CMS
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.	$19.90	01/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1144445496	CMS
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.	$15.21	04/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1144445420	CMS
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.	$20.90	05/20/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1144445422	CMS
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.	$23.94	06/14/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1144445424	CMS
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.	$21.85	07/24/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1144445426	CMS
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.	$7.78	10/31/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1144445428	CMS
CATALYST PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.	$24.30	11/25/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1144445430	CMS
Corium, LLC	$28.73	01/05/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100076785	CMS
Corium, LLC	$7.06	01/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100128506	CMS
Corium, LLC	$7.24	02/23/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100128138	CMS
Corium, LLC	$18.35	02/27/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100103050	CMS
Corium, LLC	$8.19	03/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100126264	CMS
Corium, LLC	$6.58	03/14/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100129640	CMS
Corium, LLC	$8.37	03/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100125930	CMS
Corium, LLC	$8.15	04/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100126362	CMS
Corium, LLC	$0.96	04/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100137989	CMS
Corium, LLC	$25.11	05/02/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100083204	CMS
Corium, LLC	$9.94	05/03/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100123036	CMS
Corium, LLC	$5.71	05/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100131468	CMS
Corium, LLC	$7.64	05/23/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100127354	CMS
Corium, LLC	$8.00	05/31/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100126618	CMS
Corium, LLC	$12.18	06/07/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100158797	CMS
Corium, LLC	$8.67	06/14/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100152525	CMS
Corium, LLC	$6.14	06/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100147263	CMS
Corium, LLC	$7.05	06/28/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100149211	CMS
Corium, LLC	$9.07	07/25/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100153349	CMS
Corium, LLC	$7.02	08/02/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100149139	CMS
Corium, LLC	$8.02	08/16/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100151251	CMS
Corium, LLC	$10.34	08/23/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100155497	CMS
Corium, LLC	$8.16	08/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100151561	CMS
Corium, LLC	$6.99	09/13/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100149031	CMS
Corium, LLC	$9.19	09/20/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100153511	CMS
Corium, LLC	$7.89	10/04/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100151077	CMS
Corium, LLC	$8.10	10/11/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1100151469	CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION	$21.39	01/24/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1139751521	CMS
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc	$16.24	06/11/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1091982356	CMS
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc	$30.23	08/31/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1091982360	CMS
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc	$23.66	10/25/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1091982358	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$22.68	01/22/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146247809	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$7.69	02/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146247853	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$13.57	02/13/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146247871	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$18.00	04/23/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146247697	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$7.02	05/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146247779	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$8.51	06/12/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146247609	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$9.20	08/01/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146310475	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$23.39	08/16/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146310525	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$0.89	08/17/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146310493	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$7.69	09/25/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146291040	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$25.31	10/01/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146291056	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$7.70	10/30/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146325801	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$23.43	11/05/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146319191	CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$6.69	12/06/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1146264693	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$19.38	02/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313895	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$36.94	04/30/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313877	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$36.31	05/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313883	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$37.77	07/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313873	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$38.72	07/25/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313885	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$34.43	09/13/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313893	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$2.91	09/13/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313897	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$37.18	10/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313887	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$3.83	10/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313875	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$32.60	10/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313881	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$0.87	11/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313871	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$37.54	11/20/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313879	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$3.07	12/02/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313889	CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	$31.93	12/02/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1151313891	CMS
LivaNova USA, Inc.	$20.78	03/14/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1152794815	CMS
LivaNova USA, Inc.	$23.71	07/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1152794891	CMS
Neurelis, Inc.	$2.92	01/12/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1145664888	CMS
Neurelis, Inc.	$37.80	01/30/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1145664890	CMS
Neurelis, Inc.	$13.77	02/15/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1145664892	CMS
Neurelis, Inc.	$21.81	03/13/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1145664894	CMS
Neurelis, Inc.	$12.96	04/23/2024	Education	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1145664896	CMS
Neurelis, Inc.	$28.91	04/23/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1145664898	CMS
Neurelis, Inc.	$6.11	07/19/2024	Education	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1145664900	CMS
Neurelis, Inc.	$38.65	07/22/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1145664902	CMS
Neurelis, Inc.	$36.15	09/25/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1145664904	CMS
Neurelis, Inc.	$25.40	11/06/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1145664906	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$7.07	01/04/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131559409	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$9.02	01/05/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131573411	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$24.44	02/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131563221	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$12.66	02/23/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131540894	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$9.06	03/12/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131537299	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$15.60	03/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131666416	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$12.75	03/27/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131588466	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$2.81	04/16/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131582549	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$18.67	04/16/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131664323	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$7.31	04/24/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131663484	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$8.01	04/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131661044	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$17.12	05/24/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131603239	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$17.98	05/28/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131591228	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$6.14	06/05/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131608963	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$8.54	06/05/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131649024	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$8.39	07/03/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131769684	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$6.00	07/15/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131679977	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$21.15	07/31/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131783260	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$5.60	08/20/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131855980	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$18.98	08/27/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131989265	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$7.42	09/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131971551	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$11.15	09/25/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131927456	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$17.70	10/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131983203	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$8.01	10/16/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1132078033	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$9.51	10/31/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1132096883	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$12.51	11/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131000532	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$7.35	11/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131035227	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$0.92	11/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131133915	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$1.31	11/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131161422	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$24.74	11/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131231343	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$1.98	11/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131096911	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$6.72	12/04/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131170805	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$6.50	12/18/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131434838	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$17.71	12/20/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131434346	CMS
SK Life Science, Inc.	$2.73	02/06/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1154151463	CMS
SK Life Science, Inc.	$24.26	02/06/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1154151465	CMS
SK Life Science, Inc.	$3.63	02/17/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1154151471	CMS
SK Life Science, Inc.	$17.72	04/11/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1154151497	CMS
SK Life Science, Inc.	$25.13	10/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1154151739	CMS
SK Life Science, Inc.	$28.67	11/15/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1154151759	CMS
SK Life Science, Inc.	$17.01	12/05/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1154151787	CMS
SK Life Science, Inc.	$20.18	12/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1154151789	CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$23.59	02/15/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1147851191	CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$22.80	06/03/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1147801544	CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$18.82	07/31/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1147851189	CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$27.62	08/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1147851193	CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$23.01	10/31/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1147801548	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$7.08	02/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143227964	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$7.08	03/05/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143227969	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$1.39	03/22/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143227973	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$5.34	03/22/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143227977	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$22.37	03/22/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143227981	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$8.77	04/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143227986	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$2.84	05/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143227990	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$20.84	05/30/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143227995	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$2.44	07/11/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143227999	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$27.04	07/11/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143228003	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$12.48	08/28/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143228008	CMS
UCB, Inc.	$33.69	12/18/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143228016	CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset: CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date: 2026-01-23
Program years on this page: 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files: Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from: OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.