Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

STEPHANIE E DIAMOND

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Dermatology

NPI
1710140785
CMS profile
77085
Location
LIVONIA, MI

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$10,591.63

  • Reported across 589 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$2,783.49

171 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $2,660.08 168
Education $123.41 3

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $1,602.82 84
PY2019 $1,130.63 68
PY2020 $468.89 26
PY2021 $1,269.91 72
PY2022 $1,796.61 95
PY2023 $1,539.28 73
PY2024 $2,783.49 171

Payment records · PY2024 (171)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $23.43 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637704 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.27 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637706 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.59 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637708 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.22 05/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637710 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.68 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637712 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.32 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637714 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.85 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637716 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $24.39 05/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637718 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.75 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637720 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.41 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637722 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.43 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637724 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.43 06/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637726 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.80 06/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637728 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.88 07/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637730 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.61 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637732 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.01 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637734 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.32 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637736 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.98 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637738 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.51 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637740 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.97 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637742 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.34 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637744 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.58 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637746 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.45 08/22/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104195250 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.84 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637748 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.44 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637750 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.68 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637752 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.71 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637754 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.30 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637756 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.97 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637758 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.05 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637760 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.36 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637762 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.62 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637764 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.83 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637766 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.99 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637768 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.54 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637770 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.26 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637772 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.42 12/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637774 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.02 12/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637776 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.75 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637778 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.92 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103637780 CMS
Amgen Inc. $21.67 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541166 CMS
Amgen Inc. $9.13 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541168 CMS
Amgen Inc. $24.98 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541170 CMS
Amgen Inc. $22.18 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541172 CMS
Amgen Inc. $12.22 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541174 CMS
Amgen Inc. $22.05 05/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541176 CMS
Amgen Inc. $13.01 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541178 CMS
Amgen Inc. $27.76 06/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541190 CMS
Amgen Inc. $21.20 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541180 CMS
Amgen Inc. $18.69 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541182 CMS
Amgen Inc. $8.57 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541184 CMS
Amgen Inc. $23.16 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541186 CMS
Amgen Inc. $22.79 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541188 CMS
Amgen Inc. $12.61 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541192 CMS
Amgen Inc. $18.23 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541194 CMS
Amgen Inc. $8.41 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117541196 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $15.36 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074391 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $3.55 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074381 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $3.67 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074385 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $11.74 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074383 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $5.18 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074389 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $10.65 04/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074387 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $6.01 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074405 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $12.68 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074407 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $18.67 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074399 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $2.75 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074397 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $6.44 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074403 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $8.39 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074395 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $4.61 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074401 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $4.63 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074393 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $5.31 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074411 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $8.22 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074413 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $4.75 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074409 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $5.42 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074423 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $3.30 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074419 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $5.31 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074421 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $10.07 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074425 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $6.15 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074429 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $11.05 11/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074427 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $6.50 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074415 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $11.02 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121074417 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $28.94 01/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118122295 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $29.99 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118122297 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $19.54 01/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127861896 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $19.38 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127861898 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $19.12 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127861900 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $19.12 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127861902 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.56 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101823390 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $34.95 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101823450 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $22.02 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101823476 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $16.45 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145294519 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $18.13 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133115667 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $13.17 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133115671 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $30.23 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133115675 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $34.41 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139835828 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $14.82 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139835838 CMS
Incyte Corporation $18.15 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141177880 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $24.88 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756286 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $5.81 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756909 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $23.24 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756659 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $99.00 04/09/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756520 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $35.37 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756931 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $5.66 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756715 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $7.92 04/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756939 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $27.11 05/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756913 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $4.56 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756975 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $10.77 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756772 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $21.91 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756901 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $12.79 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756643 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $26.54 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756350 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $6.27 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756305 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $9.13 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756967 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $22.63 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756449 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $7.77 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756699 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $28.49 11/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756919 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $7.06 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078756793 CMS
Journey Medical Corporation $13.09 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100056467 CMS
Kyowa Kirin, Inc. $19.38 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127043475 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $28.21 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626269 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $18.48 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626271 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $28.26 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626273 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $10.14 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626275 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $8.23 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626277 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $16.03 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626279 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $1.50 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626281 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $2.59 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626283 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $18.75 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626285 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $25.29 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626287 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $20.94 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626289 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $4.68 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626291 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $5.06 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626293 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $19.58 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626295 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $5.12 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626297 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $2.68 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152626299 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $121.35 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135431397 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.78 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135431399 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $21.29 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135416447 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $17.01 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086910907 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $24.29 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086910921 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $18.71 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086910945 CMS
PFIZER INC. $16.75 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131173068 CMS
PFIZER INC. $19.15 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131218491 CMS
PFIZER INC. $15.81 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131322033 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.96 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131941327 CMS
PFIZER INC. $15.67 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131194817 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $26.35 02/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114037539 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $27.83 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114037541 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $11.46 06/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114037543 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $15.96 08/06/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114037545 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $24.82 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114037547 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $35.23 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114037549 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $24.38 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152203749 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $12.53 02/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152203741 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $15.81 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152203743 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $6.36 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152203751 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $24.56 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152203745 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $18.62 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152203731 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $19.92 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152203733 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $9.68 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152203735 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $10.50 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152203739 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $24.72 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152203747 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $16.80 12/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152203737 CMS
Tactile Systems Technology Inc $32.49 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1082374281 CMS
UCB, Inc. $14.44 02/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324511 CMS
UCB, Inc. $23.14 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324515 CMS
UCB, Inc. $24.94 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324519 CMS
UCB, Inc. $26.77 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324524 CMS
UCB, Inc. $26.85 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324528 CMS
UCB, Inc. $2.09 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324532 CMS
UCB, Inc. $15.31 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324537 CMS
UCB, Inc. $10.25 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143324541 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.