Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

DEREK J MENKEDICK

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Psychiatry & Neurology Neurology

NPI
1699137364
CMS profile
4219450
Location
CENTERVILLE, OH

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$17,230.65

  • Reported across 837 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$4,342.48

174 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $4,342.48 174

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $772.01 33
PY2019 $1,174.80 45
PY2020 $1,110.36 58
PY2021 $3,338.50 188
PY2022 $2,671.71 144
PY2023 $3,820.79 195
PY2024 $4,342.48 174

Payment records · PY2024 (174)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $20.40 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022528 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.91 01/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022530 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.73 01/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022532 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.76 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022534 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.83 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022536 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.55 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022538 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $24.37 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022540 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $2.30 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022542 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.60 03/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022544 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $34.20 03/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022546 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.37 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022548 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.86 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022550 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.06 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022552 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $31.43 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022554 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.55 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022556 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.98 04/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022558 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.45 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022560 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.26 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022562 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.17 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022564 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.64 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022566 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.83 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022568 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.74 05/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022570 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.04 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022572 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.42 06/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022574 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.75 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022576 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.31 07/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022578 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $26.89 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022580 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.77 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022582 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $34.48 08/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022584 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.67 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022586 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.78 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022588 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.16 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022590 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.09 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022592 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.46 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022594 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.80 11/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022596 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.32 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105022598 CMS
ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc $29.29 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147984270 CMS
ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc $17.55 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147984272 CMS
Acorda Therapeutics, Inc $16.84 06/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142348172 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.73 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1093963842 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $1.11 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1093975711 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $20.85 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1093984935 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $23.55 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1093896916 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $21.92 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1094041594 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $20.81 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1094041248 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $111.91 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1093960828 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $25.06 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1094044963 CMS
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC $24.23 01/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139195202 CMS
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC $14.89 07/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139195204 CMS
ARGENX US, INC. $23.02 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142104591 CMS
ARGENX US, INC. $27.14 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142109631 CMS
ARGENX US, INC. $21.80 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142122034 CMS
ARGENX US, INC. $22.87 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142123009 CMS
BANNER LIFE SCIENCES, LLC $20.07 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147030417 CMS
BANNER LIFE SCIENCES, LLC $22.03 12/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147032270 CMS
Biogen, Inc. $17.46 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104848880 CMS
Biogen, Inc. $18.54 11/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104871658 CMS
Eisai Inc. $6.20 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110741565 CMS
Eisai Inc. $10.70 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110741563 CMS
Eisai Inc. $114.66 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110741561 CMS
Eisai Inc. $14.53 11/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110741567 CMS
Eisai Inc. $33.13 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110741569 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $37.41 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120231894 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $23.83 03/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120238572 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $31.22 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120238574 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $78.99 04/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120247779 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $111.40 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120248597 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $23.30 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120250809 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $32.99 08/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120259018 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $98.11 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120263484 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $27.95 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120269230 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $62.40 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120269336 CMS
GE HEALTHCARE $22.16 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144680405 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $15.07 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133000981 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $16.62 03/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133000977 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $21.01 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133000985 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $17.20 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133000989 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $1.17 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133000992 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $1.19 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133000996 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $15.25 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133001001 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $124.22 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133000973 CMS
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc $14.02 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091955541 CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $22.15 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150227939 CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $17.44 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150227941 CMS
Kyowa Kirin, Inc. $15.30 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127028729 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $15.90 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136139651 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.83 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136155282 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $21.38 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136167836 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $14.09 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136155284 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $26.76 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145945910 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $46.76 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760927 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $500.06 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760931 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $278.97 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760929 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $16.50 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760921 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $9.95 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760911 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $7.81 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760909 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $4.53 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759443 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $8.70 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759457 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $10.87 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759459 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $17.95 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759469 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $4.46 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759439 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $7.24 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759451 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $7.96 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759455 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $15.22 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759465 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $17.78 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759467 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $4.53 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759445 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $7.24 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759453 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $4.46 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759441 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $11.72 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759461 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $12.44 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759463 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $18.22 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759471 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $4.41 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760903 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $5.11 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760907 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $11.02 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760915 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $12.41 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760919 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $19.05 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760925 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $0.24 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760897 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $0.89 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760899 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $10.77 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760913 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $11.76 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760917 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $3.99 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760901 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $5.04 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760905 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $17.78 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147760923 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $5.04 11/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759447 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $19.30 11/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759473 CMS
MDD US Operations, LLC $5.04 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147759449 CMS
Neurelis, Inc. $22.74 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145648208 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $25.67 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150838088 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $13.65 05/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150878274 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $25.27 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150839116 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $17.81 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150866126 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $23.35 12/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150845321 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $4.41 01/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964428 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $6.98 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964430 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $6.06 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964436 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $11.49 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964438 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $4.02 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964440 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $13.52 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964442 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $15.28 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964452 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $2.77 07/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964448 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $9.42 07/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964450 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $13.57 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964454 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $19.80 08/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964456 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $15.35 09/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964460 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $15.18 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964462 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $1.07 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964464 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $11.32 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964468 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $11.44 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086964470 CMS
PFIZER INC. $16.11 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131711453 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.36 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131629563 CMS
PFIZER INC. $13.30 04/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131579355 CMS
PFIZER INC. $13.84 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131888095 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.43 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132090903 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.62 10/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132122840 CMS
PFIZER INC. $13.84 11/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131164223 CMS
REVANCE THERAPEUTICS, INC. $25.51 10/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147924406 CMS
Sandoz Inc. $22.40 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089363789 CMS
SK Life Science, Inc. $28.38 01/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154114955 CMS
SK Life Science, Inc. $29.95 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154115101 CMS
SK Life Science, Inc. $24.82 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154115111 CMS
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. $16.26 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148890201 CMS
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. $15.87 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148890203 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $34.76 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137634890 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $27.13 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137634892 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $19.33 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137634894 CMS
Tempus AI, Inc $13.33 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150169804 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $14.58 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151622807 CMS
UCB, Inc. $17.27 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143431483 CMS
UCB, Inc. $15.44 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143431487 CMS
UCB, Inc. $19.91 04/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143431491 CMS
UCB, Inc. $75.69 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143431495 CMS
UCB, Inc. $18.33 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143431499 CMS
UCB, Inc. $27.16 10/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143431504 CMS
UCB, Inc. $27.29 11/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143431508 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.