IndustryPayments
Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

CHRISTINE KU

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Surgery

NPI
1679974984
CMS profile
553189
Location
BLUE SPRINGS, MO

General Payments · PY2019–2024

$8,913.12

  • Reported across 463 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$2,989.48

161 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

Related groups: Surgery MO All categories

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $2,969.97 159
Travel and Lodging $11.06 1
Education $8.45 1

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
ABBVIE INC. $698.37 30
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $283.38 20
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $278.68 23
Amgen Inc. $266.04 11
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION $184.30 8
LEO Pharma Inc. $158.05 8
Incyte Corporation $157.13 9
UCB, Inc. $138.78 7
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $133.46 7
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $129.51 5
Lilly USA, LLC $109.47 5
PFIZER INC. $81.02 5
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $80.24 5
Almirall LLC $71.94 3
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $63.51 3
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $30.66 2
STRATA Skin Sciences, Inc. $29.10 3
Biofrontera Inc. $18.50 2
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.83 1
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $16.15 1
Genentech USA, Inc. $16.09 1
Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $13.66 1
Helsinn Therapeutics (U.S.), Inc. $13.61 1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2019 $131.34 2
PY2021 $657.10 38
PY2022 $1,993.77 107
PY2023 $3,141.43 155
PY2024 $2,989.48 161

Payment records · PY2024 (161)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 2019202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $23.20 01/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112778 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.73 01/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112780 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.14 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112782 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.42 02/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112784 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.46 02/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112786 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.21 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112788 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.75 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112790 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.63 03/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112792 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.83 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112794 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.50 03/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112796 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.85 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112798 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.59 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112800 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.37 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112802 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.45 04/17/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104196926 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.27 04/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112804 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.29 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112806 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.51 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112808 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $156.26 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112810 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.06 05/21/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104192482 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.74 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112812 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.14 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112814 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.59 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112816 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.10 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112818 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.43 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112820 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.01 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112822 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.69 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112824 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.87 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112826 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.74 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112828 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.53 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112830 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.01 12/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104112832 CMS
Almirall LLC $25.67 04/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120643091 CMS
Almirall LLC $24.90 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120643163 CMS
Almirall LLC $21.37 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120643199 CMS
Amgen Inc. $30.95 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117302351 CMS
Amgen Inc. $30.19 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117302353 CMS
Amgen Inc. $13.51 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117302355 CMS
Amgen Inc. $28.99 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117302357 CMS
Amgen Inc. $29.30 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117302359 CMS
Amgen Inc. $31.66 06/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117302361 CMS
Amgen Inc. $12.41 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117302363 CMS
Amgen Inc. $20.44 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117302365 CMS
Amgen Inc. $25.17 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117302367 CMS
Amgen Inc. $27.28 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117302369 CMS
Amgen Inc. $16.14 11/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117302371 CMS
Biofrontera Inc. $5.79 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1098251943 CMS
Biofrontera Inc. $12.71 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103323018 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.83 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118109147 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $17.58 01/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893343 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $15.37 03/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893347 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $12.84 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893351 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $11.34 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893355 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $11.86 05/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893359 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $13.03 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893362 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $13.03 06/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893366 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $6.83 06/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893370 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $15.33 07/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893374 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $15.44 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893377 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $8.33 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893381 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $13.29 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893385 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $9.98 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893389 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $17.77 09/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893392 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $15.06 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893396 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $7.21 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893400 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $12.78 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893404 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $17.78 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893407 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $4.33 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893411 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $5.44 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893415 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $8.23 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893419 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $15.60 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893422 CMS
Dermavant Sciences, Inc. $10.23 12/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127893426 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $17.76 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280095 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $6.54 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280101 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $12.48 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280103 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.57 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280099 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $2.73 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280109 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.07 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280111 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $13.07 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280113 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $13.28 06/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280115 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $15.79 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280117 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $13.15 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280119 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $13.28 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280127 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $17.01 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280121 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $23.12 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280133 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.28 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280129 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $23.63 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280135 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $21.43 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280137 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $6.29 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280139 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $1.27 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280141 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $18.24 11/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280143 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $21.39 12/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101280153 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $13.80 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145310409 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $16.86 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145310411 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $16.09 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132988556 CMS
Helsinn Therapeutics (U.S.), Inc. $13.61 07/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1134567663 CMS
Incyte Corporation $20.37 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141273824 CMS
Incyte Corporation $23.26 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141274050 CMS
Incyte Corporation $9.05 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141312975 CMS
Incyte Corporation $27.13 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141320163 CMS
Incyte Corporation $26.44 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141269252 CMS
Incyte Corporation $5.65 06/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141173253 CMS
Incyte Corporation $7.07 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141249386 CMS
Incyte Corporation $29.09 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141199847 CMS
Incyte Corporation $9.07 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141173501 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $22.66 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078779612 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $22.52 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078779642 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $21.58 03/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078779638 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $15.29 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078779592 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $17.70 06/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078779618 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.01 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078779603 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $17.70 09/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078779607 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $16.15 10/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078056470 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $18.73 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152638797 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $13.73 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152638799 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $21.94 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152638801 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $24.04 09/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152638803 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $16.00 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152638805 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $20.78 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152638807 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $20.40 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152638809 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $22.43 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152638811 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $31.68 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136112154 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.38 04/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136098384 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.20 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136122126 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.40 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136108212 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.81 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136098386 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $22.92 01/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086986376 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $12.48 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086986378 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $25.13 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086986380 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $19.78 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086986390 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $20.33 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086986382 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $29.54 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086986384 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $27.65 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086986386 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $26.47 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086986388 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $17.99 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153806889 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $17.69 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153806891 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $13.26 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153806893 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.54 07/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153806895 CMS
Ortho Dermatologics, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $16.76 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153806897 CMS
Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $13.66 03/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113906867 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.85 01/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131158395 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.49 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131395544 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.38 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130881930 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.82 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131146123 CMS
PFIZER INC. $15.48 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131003022 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $22.13 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114092821 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $24.93 06/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114092823 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $27.41 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114092825 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $28.03 11/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114092827 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $27.01 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114092829 CMS
STRATA Skin Sciences, Inc. $11.36 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146581533 CMS
STRATA Skin Sciences, Inc. $9.65 06/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146581535 CMS
STRATA Skin Sciences, Inc. $8.09 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146581537 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $28.04 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152135938 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $15.43 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152135940 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $20.04 10/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152135942 CMS
UCB, Inc. $17.84 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143456527 CMS
UCB, Inc. $19.96 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143456532 CMS
UCB, Inc. $16.96 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143456536 CMS
UCB, Inc. $23.80 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143456540 CMS
UCB, Inc. $21.18 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143456545 CMS
UCB, Inc. $17.80 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143456549 CMS
UCB, Inc. $21.24 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143456554 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2019, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2019 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.