Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

DAVID J CHESNER

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Internal Medicine Rheumatology

NPI
1548247679
CMS profile
114936
Location
WILLOW GROVE, PA

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$11,612.10

  • Reported across 641 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$3,700.26

170 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $3,601.26 169
Education $99.00 1

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $873.88 56
PY2019 $1,569.75 88
PY2020 $762.61 49
PY2021 $1,092.27 73
PY2022 $1,049.40 60
PY2023 $2,563.93 145
PY2024 $3,700.26 170

Payment records · PY2024 (170)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $20.77 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457212 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.25 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457214 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.42 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457216 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.74 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457218 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.03 02/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457220 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.23 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457222 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.26 03/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457224 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.66 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457226 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.88 03/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457228 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.57 04/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457230 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.37 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457232 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.80 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457234 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.24 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457236 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.84 06/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457238 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.32 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457240 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.64 06/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457242 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.95 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457244 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.72 09/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457246 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $26.95 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457248 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $125.94 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457250 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.58 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457252 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.04 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457254 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.75 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457256 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.09 12/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457258 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $28.54 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103457260 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $22.66 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1094033171 CMS
Amgen Inc. $18.06 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548312 CMS
Amgen Inc. $16.98 01/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548330 CMS
Amgen Inc. $26.39 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548332 CMS
Amgen Inc. $3.63 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548314 CMS
Amgen Inc. $19.15 03/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548334 CMS
Amgen Inc. $17.42 04/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548328 CMS
Amgen Inc. $5.68 04/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117222903 CMS
Amgen Inc. $9.41 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548336 CMS
Amgen Inc. $20.20 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117222907 CMS
Amgen Inc. $22.15 05/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548342 CMS
Amgen Inc. $8.76 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548316 CMS
Amgen Inc. $9.52 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117222905 CMS
Amgen Inc. $13.72 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548344 CMS
Amgen Inc. $21.88 06/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548318 CMS
Amgen Inc. $6.25 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548338 CMS
Amgen Inc. $19.87 07/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548346 CMS
Amgen Inc. $16.67 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548320 CMS
Amgen Inc. $18.46 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548348 CMS
Amgen Inc. $22.17 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117525765 CMS
Amgen Inc. $23.43 10/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548322 CMS
Amgen Inc. $20.40 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117525767 CMS
Amgen Inc. $18.94 11/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548340 CMS
Amgen Inc. $119.70 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548326 CMS
Amgen Inc. $22.36 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548324 CMS
Amgen Inc. $25.93 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117525769 CMS
Amgen Inc. $19.34 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111548350 CMS
Amgen Inc. $7.45 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117525771 CMS
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $20.08 01/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091157726 CMS
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.02 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091143278 CMS
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $27.00 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091153742 CMS
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.64 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091135775 CMS
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $12.43 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091170870 CMS
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $26.93 04/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091168020 CMS
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.47 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091147066 CMS
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.71 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091137206 CMS
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $27.00 09/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091153746 CMS
ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $21.63 12/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091144118 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $39.53 01/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104390605 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $23.83 01/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105458241 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $15.08 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105643182 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $21.65 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104255655 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $15.00 04/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104585460 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $24.79 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104777580 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $20.76 05/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105562242 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $18.31 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104508084 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $19.66 06/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104648187 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $18.19 07/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105471473 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $19.06 08/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105489633 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $18.23 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105552322 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $19.41 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105896196 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $21.69 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105400268 CMS
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.67 04/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1134004223 CMS
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $23.29 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1134004225 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $0.89 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118052511 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $27.46 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118052521 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $19.84 03/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118052515 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $24.54 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118052519 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $19.95 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118052517 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.07 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118052513 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $83.59 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118052523 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $15.28 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101254312 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $27.54 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101254326 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $21.49 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101254328 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.13 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101254330 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $21.60 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101254334 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $18.29 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101254336 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $2.83 10/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101254338 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $17.14 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101254340 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $11.04 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101254344 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $31.34 12/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101254352 CMS
Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC $18.89 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146958625 CMS
Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC $20.53 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146958629 CMS
Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC $20.41 10/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146958627 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $18.58 04/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132996167 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $17.65 07/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132996171 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $20.44 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132996175 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $20.49 06/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139661090 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $19.44 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116439805 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $19.86 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116116582 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $124.97 07/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116710417 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $19.67 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115853439 CMS
IDORSIA PHARMACEUTICALS US INC $18.08 02/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146766402 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $6.94 01/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078607137 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $32.50 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078606849 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $22.74 02/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078607176 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.27 03/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078607048 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $31.14 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078607098 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $99.00 04/19/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078606903 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $33.26 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078607126 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $33.09 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078607231 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $3.57 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078606845 CMS
Kyowa Kirin, Inc. $21.43 04/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127028263 CMS
Kyowa Kirin, Inc. $21.29 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127028265 CMS
Kyowa Kirin, Inc. $21.65 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127028267 CMS
Kyowa Kirin, Inc. $22.52 12/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127028269 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $23.31 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136131804 CMS
Mallinckrodt Hospital Products Inc. $19.31 07/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145057019 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $17.98 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710253 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $24.82 03/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710261 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $24.70 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710263 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $20.11 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710267 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $9.48 06/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710269 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $18.33 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710273 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $21.60 07/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710321 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $23.74 08/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710323 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $22.75 08/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710329 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $30.37 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710331 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $24.82 09/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710333 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $20.86 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710337 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $23.19 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710343 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $16.32 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086710345 CMS
PFIZER INC. $16.11 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131028086 CMS
PFIZER INC. $15.05 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131211464 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.41 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131363410 CMS
PFIZER INC. $21.40 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131487849 CMS
PFIZER INC. $11.73 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132062048 CMS
PFIZER INC. $22.07 09/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131993667 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.30 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132113963 CMS
PFIZER INC. $15.55 10/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132109281 CMS
PFIZER INC. $19.22 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131195624 CMS
Radius Health, Inc. $19.80 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089945796 CMS
Radius Health, Inc. $19.76 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089945802 CMS
Radius Health, Inc. $25.81 11/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089945815 CMS
Radius Health, Inc. $13.52 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089945809 CMS
Sandoz Inc. $26.49 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089373939 CMS
Sandoz Inc. $15.23 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089373997 CMS
Sandoz Inc. $17.28 09/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089374017 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $21.01 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136272431 CMS
SCILEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $18.30 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136283336 CMS
SOBI, INC $24.13 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141439871 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $21.29 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137510085 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $23.97 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137510089 CMS
TerSera Therapeutics LLC $21.19 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144713727 CMS
UCB, Inc. $23.48 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143026316 CMS
UCB, Inc. $31.30 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143024842 CMS
UCB, Inc. $31.24 03/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143024844 CMS
UCB, Inc. $17.58 06/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143024846 CMS
UCB, Inc. $18.78 07/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143024848 CMS
UCB, Inc. $23.37 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143024850 CMS
UCB, Inc. $21.66 08/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143024852 CMS
UCB, Inc. $17.04 10/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143024854 CMS
UCB, Inc. $17.86 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143024856 CMS
UCB, Inc. $25.68 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143024858 CMS
UCB, Inc. $1.31 12/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143024860 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.