IndustryPayments
Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

JESSICA L VINAS

Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers Nurse Practitioner Family

NPI
1528555406
CMS profile
10630280
Location
BARTLETT, TN

General Payments · PY2021–2024

$6,684.53

  • Reported across 307 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$3,935.70

166 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

Related groups: Family TN All categories

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $3,267.06 158
Travel and Lodging $668.64 8

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
Medtronic, Inc. $1,084.81 14
Novo Nordisk AS $609.38 28
Lilly USA, LLC $569.68 29
Ascensia Diabetes Care US Inc. $260.24 12
Corcept Therapeutics $223.37 11
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $201.46 12
ABBVIE INC. $175.95 22
CeQur Corporation $143.26 1
Amgen Inc. $143.19 8
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $110.69 7
Abbott Laboratories $92.47 4
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $84.68 5
Insulet Corporation $48.76 2
Antares Pharma, Inc. $42.67 2
PFIZER INC. $37.02 2
DEXCOM, INC. $32.39 2
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC $29.06 2
IBSA Pharma Inc. $18.12 1
Acella Pharmaceuticals, LLC $14.42 1
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC $14.08 1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2021 $536.56 27
PY2022 $692.91 39
PY2023 $1,519.36 75
PY2024 $3,935.70 166

Payment records · PY2024 (166)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
Abbott Laboratories $24.18 07/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125112124 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $23.68 10/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125112118 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $22.12 12/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125112120 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $22.49 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125112122 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.66 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360418 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $10.57 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360420 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.84 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360422 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $0.32 03/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360424 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.25 03/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360426 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.71 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360428 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.03 04/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360430 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.82 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360432 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $0.38 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360434 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.61 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360436 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.50 06/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360438 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.61 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360440 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $0.42 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360442 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $10.16 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360444 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.25 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360446 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.19 09/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360448 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $0.38 09/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360450 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.33 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360452 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $0.28 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360454 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.84 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360456 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.56 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360458 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.24 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108360460 CMS
Acella Pharmaceuticals, LLC $14.42 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1126637838 CMS
Amgen Inc. $10.53 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117407428 CMS
Amgen Inc. $21.83 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117407434 CMS
Amgen Inc. $16.22 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117407436 CMS
Amgen Inc. $13.93 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117407430 CMS
Amgen Inc. $17.87 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117407432 CMS
Amgen Inc. $17.72 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117407438 CMS
Amgen Inc. $22.74 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117407440 CMS
Amgen Inc. $22.35 09/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117407442 CMS
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC $14.08 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139218034 CMS
Antares Pharma, Inc. $19.39 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146526507 CMS
Antares Pharma, Inc. $23.28 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146526512 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $15.26 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090974 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $16.61 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090978 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $14.05 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090972 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $9.43 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090966 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $2.75 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090962 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $13.72 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090970 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $16.80 04/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090980 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $13.70 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090968 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $116.17 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090984 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $17.49 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090982 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $16.12 06/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090976 CMS
Ascensia Diabetes Care Us Inc. $8.14 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089090964 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $14.04 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086320284 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $16.29 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086320682 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $14.92 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086343829 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $16.25 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086299060 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $16.29 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086331222 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $16.06 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086300120 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $16.84 10/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086294476 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $15.71 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118047096 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.35 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118047104 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.72 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118047102 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.45 06/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118047098 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.45 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118047100 CMS
CeQur Corporation $143.26 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1099649835 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $21.98 01/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117785967 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $18.01 02/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117785949 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $17.65 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117785969 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $20.80 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117785977 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $19.99 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117785995 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $21.36 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117786007 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $22.79 08/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117786015 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $19.17 09/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117786033 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $18.47 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117786055 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $21.98 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117786079 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $21.17 12/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117786281 CMS
Dexcom, Inc. $17.58 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153366717 CMS
Dexcom, Inc. $14.81 11/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153366715 CMS
IBSA Pharma Inc. $18.12 08/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142972185 CMS
Insulet Corporation $24.09 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116794829 CMS
Insulet Corporation $24.67 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116821514 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.38 01/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135720445 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $12.90 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135690416 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.15 02/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135690412 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $11.83 02/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135707846 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $25.76 02/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135710278 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $15.64 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135720447 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.69 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135705398 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $13.81 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135710272 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $13.82 03/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135657389 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $22.10 03/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135690418 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $23.83 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135690420 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $15.99 04/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135657381 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $13.60 04/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135657387 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.11 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135705400 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $22.93 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135723521 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $24.26 08/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135690422 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $26.03 08/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135710274 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.14 08/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135707848 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.03 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135723525 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $21.65 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135707850 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $31.06 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135657383 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.00 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135690414 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.71 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135723523 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.47 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135720449 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.65 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135657385 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.15 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135710276 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.02 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135705402 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $27.42 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135645415 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $23.55 11/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135720443 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $291.27 05/23/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958584 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $4.57 05/24/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958582 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $22.37 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958568 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $193.00 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958570 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $11.50 06/12/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958572 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $22.38 06/12/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958574 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $3.41 06/12/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958576 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $3.44 06/12/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958578 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $14.15 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958586 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $25.33 06/13/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958580 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $64.71 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958588 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $60.97 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958590 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $60.97 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958592 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $306.74 06/14/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116958594 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $23.23 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100377787 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $18.26 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100545756 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $23.96 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100282410 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $79.10 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100257802 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $16.82 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100607392 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $12.93 02/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100418500 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $23.53 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100640144 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $20.26 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100628934 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $16.06 04/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100623382 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $21.29 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100484721 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $18.44 06/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100345278 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $24.13 07/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100482841 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $21.86 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100230942 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $15.14 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100240637 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $18.11 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100337077 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $20.94 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100467890 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $19.98 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100622148 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $21.89 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100588989 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $22.05 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100313371 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $5.03 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100515543 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $17.59 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100397530 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $22.30 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100435427 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $30.84 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100556085 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $17.43 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100304004 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $20.21 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100478138 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $16.71 11/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100297599 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $21.97 11/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100265620 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $19.32 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100345652 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.25 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131744144 CMS
PFIZER INC. $19.77 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131041162 CMS
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC $15.13 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139977247 CMS
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC $13.93 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139977257 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $24.61 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629051 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $23.45 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629053 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.89 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629055 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $11.33 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629065 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.69 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629057 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.32 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629069 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $14.30 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629067 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.50 09/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629059 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.51 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629071 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $9.19 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629061 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $11.85 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629073 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.82 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144629063 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.