IndustryPayments
Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

SUMANA GANGI

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Internal Medicine Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism

NPI
1487679213
CMS profile
158261
Location
MESQUITE, TX

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$980,358.49

  • Reported across 1,943 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$42,892.56

146 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

Related groups: Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism TX All categories

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program $37,620.00 30
Travel and Lodging $2,824.83 10
Food and Beverage $2,447.73 106

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
Lilly USA, LLC $32,795.19 57
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $5,629.19 16
Novo Nordisk AS $3,290.29 14
ABBVIE INC. $234.24 15
Amgen Inc. $182.16 9
Abbott Laboratories $150.81 9
CeQur Corporation $121.49 1
Radius Health, Inc. $85.54 4
MannKind Corporation $65.69 4
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC $58.68 2
Medtronic, Inc. $48.51 2
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC $43.92 2
BETA BIONICS, INC. $28.91 3
Verity Pharmaceuticals Inc. $27.40 1
Insulet Corporation $26.03 1
IBSA Pharma Inc. $20.64 1
Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. $19.59 1
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $19.23 1
Eli Lilly and Company $16.40 1
PFIZER INC. $14.57 1
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.08 1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $246,795.38 381
PY2019 $247,757.04 421
PY2020 $128,358.36 289
PY2021 $97,804.25 234
PY2022 $137,618.64 267
PY2023 $79,132.26 205
PY2024 $42,892.56 146

Payment records · PY2024 (146)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
Abbott Laboratories $17.00 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125090376 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $9.78 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125090378 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $18.47 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125090380 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $17.08 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125090382 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $17.95 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125090392 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $24.64 09/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125090384 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $16.06 10/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125090386 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $12.51 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125090388 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $17.32 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125090390 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.99 01/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771004 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.32 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771006 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.72 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771008 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.97 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771010 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.21 04/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771012 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.69 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771014 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.10 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771016 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.35 07/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771018 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.24 08/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771020 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.74 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771022 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $1.31 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771024 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.15 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771026 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $24.62 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771028 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.25 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771030 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.58 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103771032 CMS
Amgen Inc. $11.98 01/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115644330 CMS
Amgen Inc. $27.95 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115644339 CMS
Amgen Inc. $29.49 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115644345 CMS
Amgen Inc. $20.99 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115644284 CMS
Amgen Inc. $21.11 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115644292 CMS
Amgen Inc. $13.86 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115644300 CMS
Amgen Inc. $18.50 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115644311 CMS
Amgen Inc. $9.57 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115644319 CMS
Amgen Inc. $28.71 12/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115644352 CMS
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC $20.23 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139186222 CMS
Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC $23.69 04/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139186224 CMS
BETA BIONICS, INC. $8.30 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087876497 CMS
BETA BIONICS, INC. $12.49 06/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087878009 CMS
BETA BIONICS, INC. $8.12 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087882347 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $21.35 01/31/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030046 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $56.07 01/31/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030060 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $336.59 03/05/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030036 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $40.00 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030052 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $40.00 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030054 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $50.00 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030056 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $50.00 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030058 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $185.00 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030062 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $800.00 03/13/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030038 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $24.85 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030048 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $800.00 03/19/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030040 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $800.00 04/03/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030042 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $800.00 05/08/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030044 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $800.00 07/10/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030032 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $800.00 07/10/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030034 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $25.33 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118030050 CMS
CeQur Corporation $121.49 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1126845686 CMS
Eli Lilly and Company $16.40 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135435221 CMS
IBSA Pharma Inc. $20.64 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142984404 CMS
Insulet Corporation $26.03 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116825948 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.98 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135409065 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $7.35 01/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351405 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $448.84 02/01/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351401 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $67.65 02/01/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351403 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $25.00 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351409 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $140.00 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351411 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $39.71 02/01/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135395747 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $6.46 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135395749 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $3,400.00 02/01/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135409049 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $25.00 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135409053 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $55.00 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135420013 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $5.37 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135423999 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $25.00 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135429943 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $60.00 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135435211 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $35.00 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135435213 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $230.05 02/01/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135435215 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $900.00 02/02/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351413 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $3,600.00 02/07/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135433951 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $1,800.00 02/12/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135395751 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $1,125.00 02/12/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135433953 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $900.00 02/14/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351415 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $1,425.76 02/22/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135395745 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $142.53 02/22/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135423995 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $1,575.00 02/26/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351417 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $22.12 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135395757 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $1,800.00 02/26/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135409057 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $1,800.00 02/26/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135409059 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $1,800.00 02/26/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135424001 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $900.00 02/29/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135435217 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $7.93 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351407 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $900.00 03/26/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135395753 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $900.00 04/01/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135429945 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.58 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135423997 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $15.09 04/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135435209 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.51 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135395755 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $1,125.00 04/12/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351419 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $1,800.00 04/12/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135429947 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.78 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135435207 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.45 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135429953 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $56.28 04/18/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135429949 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $7.70 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135435205 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $900.00 04/29/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351421 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $7.27 04/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135420015 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.57 05/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135409051 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $900.00 05/09/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135429951 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $13.76 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135433957 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $900.00 05/29/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351423 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $900.00 06/07/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135433955 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $6.43 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351427 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.23 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135435219 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $21.00 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135424003 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $3.96 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135409061 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.09 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135351425 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $900.00 09/23/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135409063 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $900.00 10/14/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135424005 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $11.59 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135433959 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $14.15 12/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135409047 CMS
Mannkind Corporation $13.77 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145842168 CMS
Mannkind Corporation $22.85 01/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145842170 CMS
Mannkind Corporation $13.16 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145842172 CMS
Mannkind Corporation $15.91 07/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145842174 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $26.08 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119341440 CMS
Medtronic, Inc. $22.43 03/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119341442 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $17.95 01/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096965917 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $21.87 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097834599 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $750.00 03/13/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096924486 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $1,595.00 04/01/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096977861 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $14.52 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097560887 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $20.01 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096739324 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $20.82 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097156267 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $15.54 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097245234 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $16.86 07/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096907061 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $17.32 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097455883 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $14.61 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097226408 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $15.63 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097304733 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $750.00 10/21/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097006046 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $20.16 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097740256 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.57 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131374038 CMS
Radius Health, Inc. $21.81 02/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089995707 CMS
Radius Health, Inc. $21.29 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089995713 CMS
Radius Health, Inc. $21.06 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089995720 CMS
Radius Health, Inc. $21.38 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089995726 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.08 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153591924 CMS
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC $26.58 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139748132 CMS
SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. LLC $32.10 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139748204 CMS
Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. $19.59 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138751815 CMS
Verity Pharmaceuticals Inc. $27.40 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1080609596 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $19.23 12/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144614765 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.