Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

IBRAHIM EBADA SADEK

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Internal Medicine Medical Oncology

NPI
1457672685
CMS profile
746704
Location
THE VILLAGES, FL

General Payments · PY2021–2024

$9,719.83

  • Reported across 433 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$3,894.81

171 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $3,720.82 169
Education $173.99 2

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2021 $517.37 2
PY2022 $1,778.26 95
PY2023 $3,529.39 165
PY2024 $3,894.81 171

Payment records · PY2024 (171)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $25.21 03/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105997273 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.65 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105997275 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $33.43 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105997277 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $34.15 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105997279 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $24.67 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105997281 CMS
ADC Therapeutics America, Inc. $24.86 05/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121192487 CMS
ADC Therapeutics America, Inc. $124.01 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1121192499 CMS
Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $24.69 11/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1149641136 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.75 01/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1094014100 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $25.19 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1093971785 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.58 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1093899996 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $24.68 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1093946743 CMS
ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC $14.62 02/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131561270 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $18.94 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139269800 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $28.63 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139337438 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $74.99 06/13/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139339962 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $99.00 06/13/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139339976 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $20.22 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105721522 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $28.75 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105805978 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $21.47 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104693058 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $19.24 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104649137 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $31.73 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104729329 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $24.68 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105412770 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $20.56 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104497738 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $25.65 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105462612 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $28.34 08/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104751678 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $27.35 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105301525 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $25.20 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104271931 CMS
Aveo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $23.36 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143478711 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $17.10 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086106612 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $21.04 12/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086149219 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $18.97 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120850237 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $18.52 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120850241 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $15.45 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120850229 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $15.34 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120850239 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $17.37 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120850231 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $14.40 08/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120850235 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $18.50 09/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120850233 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.97 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118017757 CMS
Celgene Corporation $27.89 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166450 CMS
Celgene Corporation $28.20 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166454 CMS
Celgene Corporation $28.24 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166456 CMS
Celgene Corporation $6.90 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166458 CMS
Celgene Corporation $23.68 04/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166462 CMS
Celgene Corporation $25.09 04/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166464 CMS
Celgene Corporation $27.79 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166466 CMS
Celgene Corporation $24.26 06/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166468 CMS
Celgene Corporation $29.62 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166472 CMS
Celgene Corporation $20.56 07/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166474 CMS
Celgene Corporation $22.43 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166478 CMS
Celgene Corporation $1.19 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166480 CMS
Celgene Corporation $8.97 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166482 CMS
Celgene Corporation $22.12 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166484 CMS
Celgene Corporation $27.29 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166486 CMS
Celgene Corporation $26.14 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166494 CMS
Celgene Corporation $21.87 10/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166496 CMS
Celgene Corporation $16.45 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166500 CMS
Celgene Corporation $25.20 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101166502 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $22.32 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089477109 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $21.74 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089477111 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $19.90 08/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089477113 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $22.10 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089477105 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $23.19 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089477107 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $20.80 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101639504 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $18.35 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101639515 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $21.22 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101639537 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $17.90 08/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101639534 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $12.60 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101639552 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $23.90 09/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101639556 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $22.23 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101639567 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $18.43 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101639589 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $27.93 12/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101639585 CMS
Eisai Inc. $24.59 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110749394 CMS
Eisai Inc. $29.29 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110749396 CMS
Eisai Inc. $26.49 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110749392 CMS
Eisai Inc. $20.60 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110749398 CMS
Eisai Inc. $30.65 12/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110749402 CMS
Eisai Inc. $25.80 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110749400 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $19.08 02/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120226725 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $19.22 06/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120243025 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $18.52 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133021890 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $25.16 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133021898 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $19.69 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133021902 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $15.67 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133021894 CMS
Genmab U.S., Inc. $19.28 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1126827266 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $17.70 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139734678 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $17.07 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139734696 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $24.25 04/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139734710 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $17.92 06/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139734730 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $28.25 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139734740 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $17.72 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139734760 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $12.31 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139734800 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $23.11 01/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133829751 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $24.62 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133829753 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $28.15 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133829755 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $19.83 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116465288 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $21.96 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116707063 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $18.08 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116735334 CMS
Incyte Corporation $19.53 01/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141228436 CMS
Incyte Corporation $28.83 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141228944 CMS
Incyte Corporation $28.24 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141304659 CMS
Incyte Corporation $25.49 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141263459 CMS
Incyte Corporation $29.61 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141263975 CMS
Incyte Corporation $29.73 06/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141306341 CMS
Incyte Corporation $21.71 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141187906 CMS
Incyte Corporation $18.04 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141231269 CMS
Incyte Corporation $21.27 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141264931 CMS
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc $19.89 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091962893 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $26.34 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078497239 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $24.08 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078497506 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.82 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078497457 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $15.24 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078497268 CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $20.40 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150216155 CMS
Kyowa Kirin, Inc. $13.60 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127031423 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.76 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135008267 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $29.00 10/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135032046 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $22.83 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141639214 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $28.24 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141639120 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $24.18 04/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141639216 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $21.34 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141849744 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $24.61 07/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141639218 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $20.74 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141848153 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $23.85 07/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141921064 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $12.37 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141637946 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $28.02 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141848165 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $24.69 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141639118 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $23.14 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141637944 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $20.18 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141639220 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $16.62 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141639222 CMS
Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc. $21.20 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152539135 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $22.97 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292439 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $0.66 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292441 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $16.55 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292433 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $25.68 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292449 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $8.58 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292461 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $13.09 05/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292457 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $8.81 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292469 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $27.26 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292463 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $21.85 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292467 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $16.46 09/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292471 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $13.22 09/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292473 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $18.15 09/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087292475 CMS
PFIZER INC. $19.25 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131694227 CMS
PFIZER INC. $22.92 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131666622 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.45 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131308155 CMS
PFIZER INC. $21.77 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131322708 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.73 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131600170 CMS
PFIZER INC. $23.25 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131344397 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.56 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131354169 CMS
PFIZER INC. $15.59 10/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131375724 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.38 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131377999 CMS
Pharmacosmos Therapeutics Inc. $24.95 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154825699 CMS
Pharmacosmos Therapeutics Inc. $19.80 09/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154825701 CMS
Pharmacosmos Therapeutics Inc. $19.06 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154825703 CMS
PharmaEssentia USA Corporation $26.60 04/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137302648 CMS
PharmaEssentia USA Corporation $25.00 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137302688 CMS
PharmaEssentia USA Corporation $25.00 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137302762 CMS
Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $26.15 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145206633 CMS
SERVIER PHARMACEUTICALS LLC $20.77 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147260172 CMS
SOBI, INC $28.41 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141439731 CMS
TAIHO ONCOLOGY, INC. $20.20 04/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137944766 CMS
TAIHO ONCOLOGY, INC. $13.50 05/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137937359 CMS
TAIHO ONCOLOGY, INC. $17.16 08/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137945502 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $20.61 08/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144966365 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $21.35 11/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144966367 CMS
Tempus AI, Inc $28.55 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150173520 CMS
Tempus AI, Inc $16.77 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150173522 CMS
Tempus AI, Inc $16.65 04/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150173524 CMS
Tempus AI, Inc $26.49 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150173526 CMS
TerSera Therapeutics LLC $19.23 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144715481 CMS
Tolmar, Inc. $23.02 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138709587 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.