IndustryPayments
Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-06-30 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

DEREK F ANDRZEJEWSKI

Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers Physician Assistant Medical

NPI
1437785268
CMS profile
11181265
Location
CAMARILLO, CA

General Payments · PY2021–2025

$12,380.93

  • Reported across 538 records
  • CMS publication 2026-06-30

Latest program year · PY2025

$3,686.35

158 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

Related groups: Medical CA All categories

By nature of payment

PY2025 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $3,686.35 158

By paying entity

PY2025 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
GENZYME CORPORATION $483.44 15
Acerta Pharma LLC $403.18 17
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $364.69 25
PFIZER INC. $304.84 14
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $303.90 14
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION $259.92 12
Amgen Inc. $246.79 14
Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $221.27 7
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $202.49 7
CSL Behring $137.03 5
ARS Pharmaceuticals Operations, Inc. $128.30 5
Octapharma USA, Inc. $96.06 1
Genentech USA, Inc. $67.35 3
LEO Pharma Inc. $63.52 3
ABBVIE INC. $58.58 2
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $55.59 2
Pharming Healthcare, Inc. $55.47 2
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation $51.50 3
BioCryst US Sales Co., LLC $41.67 1
Blueprint Medicines Corporation $33.15 1
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $31.68 1
Greer Laboratories, Inc. $23.27 1
Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA $18.56 1
Phadia US Inc. $18.53 1
CYCLE PHARMACEUTICALS INC $15.57 1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2021 $1,426.23 79
PY2022 $1,249.09 66
PY2023 $2,907.05 117
PY2024 $3,112.21 118
PY2025 $3,686.35 158

Payment records · PY2025 (158)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2025 2021202220232024 Record-level detail is published for PY2025; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $26.78 06/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1204958735 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $31.80 07/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1204958739 CMS
Amgen Inc. $19.31 01/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173068 CMS
Amgen Inc. $18.04 02/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173044 CMS
Amgen Inc. $26.33 03/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173086 CMS
Amgen Inc. $16.95 05/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173081 CMS
Amgen Inc. $10.62 05/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173040 CMS
Amgen Inc. $22.53 06/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173019 CMS
Amgen Inc. $11.13 06/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173026 CMS
Amgen Inc. $23.25 07/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173014 CMS
Amgen Inc. $17.94 08/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173007 CMS
Amgen Inc. $21.11 09/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173052 CMS
Amgen Inc. $14.63 10/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173060 CMS
Amgen Inc. $8.44 11/07/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173091 CMS
Amgen Inc. $16.65 11/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173072 CMS
Amgen Inc. $19.86 12/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229173032 CMS
ARS Pharmaceuticals Operations, Inc. $29.12 01/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1245898784 CMS
ARS Pharmaceuticals Operations, Inc. $22.12 02/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1245898786 CMS
ARS Pharmaceuticals Operations, Inc. $29.33 04/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1245898788 CMS
ARS Pharmaceuticals Operations, Inc. $23.32 05/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1245898790 CMS
ARS Pharmaceuticals Operations, Inc. $24.41 12/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1245898792 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $28.18 01/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206696122 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $64.18 01/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206377257 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $18.32 02/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206176450 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.28 03/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206855994 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $22.21 03/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1207209095 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $23.63 03/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206862287 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $15.43 05/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206249230 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $20.47 06/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206142816 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $22.33 07/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206663998 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $22.33 08/26/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1207006253 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $21.29 09/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1207167025 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $23.97 09/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206589094 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $22.55 10/07/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206421147 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $22.35 11/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206280478 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $19.30 11/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1207071306 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $21.27 12/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206446047 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $21.09 12/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206483915 CMS
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $31.68 09/26/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1242682142 CMS
BioCryst US Sales Co., LLC $41.67 09/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1222022564 CMS
Blueprint Medicines Corporation $33.15 04/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1235821325 CMS
CSL Behring $33.03 03/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1232366138 CMS
CSL Behring $30.80 04/29/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1232366142 CMS
CSL Behring $32.60 06/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1232366164 CMS
CSL Behring $6.50 10/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1232366102 CMS
CSL Behring $34.10 11/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1232366116 CMS
Cycle Pharmaceuticals Inc $15.57 11/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1248901632 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $13.33 05/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234724504 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $5.88 07/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234724506 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $145.25 08/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234724508 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $10.00 09/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234724510 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $5.32 09/29/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234724512 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $17.05 10/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234724514 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $5.66 12/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234724516 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $18.46 10/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1211629988 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $23.31 11/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1211629991 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $25.58 12/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1211629995 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $25.00 02/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674676 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $14.98 04/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674704 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $122.75 04/29/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674728 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $25.88 05/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674710 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $24.86 06/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674724 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $8.95 07/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674740 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $43.11 07/31/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674756 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $26.75 08/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674778 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $44.55 09/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674780 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $22.22 09/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674754 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $26.91 10/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674764 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $12.75 10/31/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674788 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $43.98 11/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674824 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $11.92 11/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674792 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $28.83 11/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233674804 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $6.91 01/31/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190979493 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $11.59 02/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1191339699 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $9.77 03/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190631408 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $29.22 03/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190411261 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $22.47 03/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190962888 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $11.60 04/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190847815 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $9.15 05/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1191225318 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $29.16 06/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1191683751 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $18.12 06/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190391843 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $25.17 07/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1191359089 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $9.39 07/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190779425 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $5.74 08/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190706835 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $0.51 08/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190804045 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $6.69 08/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1191753848 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $11.08 09/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1191781558 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $1.63 09/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190620110 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $8.32 09/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1191539232 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $29.70 09/29/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190591935 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $30.12 10/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190527521 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $28.91 10/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190787036 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $22.78 11/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190646752 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $11.09 11/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190625274 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $6.34 11/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190652604 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $7.92 12/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1191747620 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $11.31 12/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190529021 CMS
Greer Laboratories, Inc. $23.27 05/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1240086555 CMS
Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA $18.56 02/04/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1248217083 CMS
Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $21.29 07/29/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1246793441 CMS
Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $11.62 08/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1246793443 CMS
Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $20.00 09/04/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1246793445 CMS
Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $28.12 10/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1246793447 CMS
Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $11.59 10/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1246793449 CMS
Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $120.86 10/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1246793451 CMS
Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $7.79 12/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1246793453 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $18.75 02/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1252046868 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $19.91 09/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1252046870 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $24.86 11/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1252046872 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $15.77 01/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238297817 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $20.31 06/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238013232 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $15.42 10/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238252261 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $6.44 01/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200153124 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $5.91 03/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200153126 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $24.07 04/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200153128 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $22.94 04/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200153132 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $27.47 05/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200153134 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $30.39 06/30/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200153136 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $25.78 09/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200153138 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $13.48 09/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200153142 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $31.72 09/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200153140 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $22.59 10/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200153144 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $27.80 12/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200073500 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $21.33 12/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200073504 CMS
Octapharma USA, Inc. $96.06 07/07/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1245085395 CMS
PFIZER INC. $26.16 01/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229017121 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.70 01/30/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1228989199 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.19 02/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229091899 CMS
PFIZER INC. $26.70 03/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229062974 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.46 03/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229046296 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.61 04/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229147596 CMS
PFIZER INC. $19.62 05/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229025065 CMS
PFIZER INC. $30.13 06/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229340708 CMS
PFIZER INC. $26.01 07/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1230454210 CMS
PFIZER INC. $21.16 08/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229808734 CMS
PFIZER INC. $8.90 10/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1230771229 CMS
PFIZER INC. $22.03 10/31/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1230970232 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.16 12/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1230981074 CMS
PFIZER INC. $32.01 12/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1231180138 CMS
Phadia US Inc. $18.53 05/26/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1161492469 CMS
Pharming Healthcare, Inc. $27.46 04/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200804898 CMS
Pharming Healthcare, Inc. $28.01 07/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200804900 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $5.97 01/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083922 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $15.94 01/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083924 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $19.36 03/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083926 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $2.81 03/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083928 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $35.41 03/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083930 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $20.90 04/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083932 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $31.17 05/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083934 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $21.20 05/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083936 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $17.86 06/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083938 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $30.00 07/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083940 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $27.38 08/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083942 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $27.47 10/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083944 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $23.14 11/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083946 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $25.29 12/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213083948 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $30.66 02/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224082006 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $24.93 03/04/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224058101 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-06-30
Program years on this page
2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024 , PY2025
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2025_P06302026_06032026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.