IndustryPayments
Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

CHANG DICH LAI

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Internal Medicine

NPI
1437234598
CMS profile
20234
Location
HONOLULU, HI

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$34,186.95

  • Reported across 1,314 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$5,329.51

155 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

Related groups: Internal Medicine HI All categories

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $5,329.51 155

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
Acerta Pharma LLC $929.94 18
ABBVIE INC. $476.60 21
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $361.31 18
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $340.10 6
ITI, Inc. $328.53 7
Novo Nordisk AS $227.24 13
Amgen Inc. $217.67 11
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $217.37 5
Lilly USA, LLC $208.38 4
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $197.64 5
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. $196.04 4
Corcept Therapeutics $175.89 4
PFIZER INC. $168.57 8
IDORSIA PHARMACEUTICALS US INC $159.00 4
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $147.86 8
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $146.24 2
BIOTRONIK NRO, Inc. $142.01 1
Ardelyx, Inc. $125.00 1
Insulet Corporation $124.85 1
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $121.85 1
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $91.75 4
DEXCOM, INC. $60.67 2
Astellas Pharma US Inc $52.46 2
Kyowa Kirin, Inc. $28.67 1
Exact Sciences Corporation $25.34 1
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. $23.63 1
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.58 1
Abbott Laboratories $17.32 1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $5,804.66 239
PY2019 $4,620.19 176
PY2020 $3,676.18 200
PY2021 $5,256.03 224
PY2022 $5,894.37 190
PY2023 $3,606.01 130
PY2024 $5,329.51 155

Payment records · PY2024 (155)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
Abbott Laboratories $17.32 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125065095 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.06 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128960 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $28.94 03/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128962 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.65 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128964 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.07 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128966 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.96 04/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128968 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.57 04/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128970 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $24.43 04/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128972 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $2.57 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128974 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.69 04/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128976 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.45 05/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128978 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.20 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128980 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $34.31 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128982 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.46 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128984 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $34.31 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128986 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $124.13 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128988 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.37 08/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128990 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.04 10/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128992 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.30 10/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128994 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.75 10/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128996 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.17 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104128998 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.17 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104129000 CMS
Amgen Inc. $21.74 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111626873 CMS
Amgen Inc. $23.20 02/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111626885 CMS
Amgen Inc. $18.03 02/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111626883 CMS
Amgen Inc. $12.25 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111626887 CMS
Amgen Inc. $11.86 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111626889 CMS
Amgen Inc. $17.14 06/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111626891 CMS
Amgen Inc. $22.54 07/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111626875 CMS
Amgen Inc. $26.41 08/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111626877 CMS
Amgen Inc. $7.43 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111626881 CMS
Amgen Inc. $28.36 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111626879 CMS
Amgen Inc. $28.71 12/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117303982 CMS
Ardelyx, Inc. $125.00 03/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146691038 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $31.44 09/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139398099 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $21.02 09/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139401045 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $23.87 01/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104731713 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $114.35 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104762424 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $20.11 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104777018 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $24.68 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104235971 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $30.25 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104683631 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $25.08 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104577628 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $28.81 06/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104654705 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $23.07 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105346066 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $121.99 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105375717 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $120.70 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104628018 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $27.46 08/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105533536 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $34.10 10/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104382445 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $19.18 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105606081 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $29.14 11/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104609816 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $123.14 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105544265 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $27.91 12/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104668203 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $109.82 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104570658 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $26.28 12/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105400006 CMS
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $121.85 05/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148270612 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $27.58 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086240310 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $6.03 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086092643 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $129.36 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086195618 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $18.95 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086237986 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $15.72 12/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086186238 CMS
BIOTRONIK NRO, Inc. $142.01 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153857352 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $22.59 01/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118008349 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $22.09 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118008347 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $21.24 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118008345 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $25.83 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118008351 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $9.69 01/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117783361 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $29.51 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117783369 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $115.00 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117783467 CMS
Corcept Therapeutics $21.69 11/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117783445 CMS
Dexcom, Inc. $28.00 06/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153290873 CMS
Dexcom, Inc. $32.67 09/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153290875 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $21.25 09/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101767889 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $124.99 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101767970 CMS
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. $22.83 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1129443082 CMS
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. $6.04 04/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1129443084 CMS
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. $23.75 07/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1129443086 CMS
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. $143.42 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1129443088 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $25.34 08/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114746809 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $5.32 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133769153 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $27.99 01/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133769155 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $28.70 04/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133769157 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $4.89 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133769159 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $7.00 06/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133769161 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $33.56 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133769163 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $13.21 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133769165 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $27.19 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133769167 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $20.06 01/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116682031 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $6.14 03/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116282453 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $5.31 03/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116589717 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $22.89 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116140618 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $25.59 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116462668 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $31.31 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116519350 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $4.67 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116455231 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $3.92 07/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116360378 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $27.69 08/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116361507 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $1.05 08/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116678055 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $4.38 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116249459 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $1.81 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116368770 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $22.69 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116467996 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $4.07 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115922711 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $34.87 09/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115931683 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $117.49 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116608340 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $26.42 10/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115927989 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $0.95 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116719984 CMS
IDORSIA PHARMACEUTICALS US INC $10.24 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146761753 CMS
IDORSIA PHARMACEUTICALS US INC $11.98 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146762661 CMS
IDORSIA PHARMACEUTICALS US INC $11.78 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146768736 CMS
IDORSIA PHARMACEUTICALS US INC $125.00 03/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146771742 CMS
Insulet Corporation $124.85 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116812586 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $111.05 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143261819 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $20.94 06/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143261822 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $125.00 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143261826 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $11.76 07/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143261830 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $12.39 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143261834 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $12.39 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143261837 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $35.00 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143261841 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $149.99 03/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1077997800 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $18.48 03/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1077997940 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $56.81 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1077997914 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $6.16 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1077997938 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $2.41 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1077998120 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $106.25 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1077997878 CMS
Kyowa Kirin, Inc. $28.67 01/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1127027093 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $25.58 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136107503 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $33.97 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136100268 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $122.08 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136100270 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $26.75 12/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136095785 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $16.04 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097712899 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $21.19 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097775723 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $10.61 03/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097719771 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $17.99 04/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097229183 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $18.07 07/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097593490 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $19.21 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097742135 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $8.57 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097468183 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $21.37 09/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097529461 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $34.94 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097454641 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $3.97 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097034791 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $19.60 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096588643 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $31.75 11/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097118536 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $3.93 12/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096880305 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $26.78 03/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118927117 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $25.62 04/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118927119 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $25.60 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118927121 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $114.83 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118927123 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $24.54 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118927125 CMS
PFIZER INC. $24.88 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131024425 CMS
PFIZER INC. $9.23 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132032731 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.98 03/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131264192 CMS
PFIZER INC. $21.85 04/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131351384 CMS
PFIZER INC. $22.95 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132032352 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.82 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131870472 CMS
PFIZER INC. $25.56 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131954177 CMS
PFIZER INC. $22.30 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131256990 CMS
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. $23.63 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148878474 CMS
Xeris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.58 09/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144589938 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.