Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

GRANT WILLIAMS

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Internal Medicine Hematology & Oncology

NPI
1316181241
CMS profile
1298446
Location
BIRMINGHAM, AL

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$66,616.90

  • Reported across 241 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$56,647.15

157 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $625.95 3
PY2019 $3,000.72 7
PY2021 $1,269.12 5
PY2022 $389.78 5
PY2023 $4,684.18 64
PY2024 $56,647.15 157

Payment records · PY2024 (157)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 20182019202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $14.68 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106341027 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.70 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106341029 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.40 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106341031 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.62 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106341033 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.24 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106341035 CMS
Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation $15.05 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150259912 CMS
Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation $22.62 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150259914 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $23.57 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1094028692 CMS
Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $23.23 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1094045026 CMS
ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC $29.21 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132051910 CMS
ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC $29.83 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132051518 CMS
ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC $20.93 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132061740 CMS
ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC $1.77 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131367796 CMS
ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC $5.44 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131367824 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $21.33 01/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105778906 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $21.23 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104619844 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.12 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105748313 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $1,330.00 09/10/2024 Consulting Fee Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104554412 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $17.06 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105877353 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $25.26 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104209291 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $20.26 11/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104266723 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $15.68 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105339735 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $18.70 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086251942 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $64.47 06/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086136323 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $86.46 06/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086165328 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $22.19 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086143143 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $18.20 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120855098 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $17.76 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120855096 CMS
Blueprint Medicines Corporation $25.52 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147455999 CMS
Blueprint Medicines Corporation $25.52 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147456035 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $22.98 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117959532 CMS
Celgene Corporation $26.38 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101186685 CMS
Celgene Corporation $16.11 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101186687 CMS
Celgene Corporation $22.77 08/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101186693 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $18.23 06/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089498662 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $14.11 08/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089498684 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $18.76 12/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089498578 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $13.91 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101787523 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $16.22 04/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101787530 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $16.82 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101787571 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $13.44 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101787653 CMS
Eisai Inc. $23.54 01/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110747308 CMS
Eisai Inc. $14.72 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110747306 CMS
Eisai Inc. $17.35 09/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110747304 CMS
Eisai Inc. $17.11 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110747310 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $17.91 06/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120236252 CMS
Exelixis Inc. $25.20 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138558222 CMS
Exelixis Inc. $24.69 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138558220 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $21.49 02/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133016005 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $13.34 03/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133015989 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $22.94 04/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133015993 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $22.68 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133015997 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $21.65 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133016009 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $24.87 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133016001 CMS
Genmab U.S., Inc. $16.69 05/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1126826834 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $17.58 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139966667 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $13.16 02/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116605928 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $21.83 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116663023 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $20.45 09/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116198841 CMS
Incyte Corporation $17.28 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141256827 CMS
Incyte Corporation $17.56 10/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141291464 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $18.49 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078255261 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $22.60 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078254803 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $14.26 06/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078254405 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $18.32 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078255339 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $15.92 11/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078254335 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $17.01 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1077904313 CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $24.29 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150209375 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.51 03/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1134989252 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.24 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1134989596 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $14.99 07/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1134989594 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.17 08/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135013827 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $18.70 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141687085 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $15.05 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141687091 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $18.63 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141927443 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $20.95 04/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141687087 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $25.20 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141687089 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $17.78 10/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141867185 CMS
Mirati Therapeutics, Inc. $19.01 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117177042 CMS
Mirati Therapeutics, Inc. $19.72 09/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117177038 CMS
Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc. $23.30 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152542523 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $18.81 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357008 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $18.23 01/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357012 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $18.21 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357010 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $6.46 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357016 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $18.01 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357018 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $18.73 04/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357022 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $18.49 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357020 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $15.15 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357032 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $7.17 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357034 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $19.53 06/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357026 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $16.56 06/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357028 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $21.42 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357042 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $20.58 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357036 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $18.32 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357040 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $27.96 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357046 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $21.24 11/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357052 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $19.81 12/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357060 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $20.30 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1087357062 CMS
PFIZER INC. $9.22 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131327373 CMS
PFIZER INC. $24.15 01/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131291709 CMS
PFIZER INC. $7.50 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131327377 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.16 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131286885 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.25 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131312874 CMS
PFIZER INC. $7.39 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131351586 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.01 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131350325 CMS
PFIZER INC. $0.85 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132059372 CMS
PFIZER INC. $19.26 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132067537 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.30 11/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131386616 CMS
PUMA BIOTECHNOLOGY, INC. $23.42 08/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113862791 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $18.74 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114255367 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $17.44 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114255371 CMS
Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $19.94 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145202448 CMS
SERVIER PHARMACEUTICALS LLC $16.88 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147259890 CMS
SERVIER PHARMACEUTICALS LLC $16.49 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147259892 CMS
SOBI, INC $20.11 06/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141423831 CMS
Stemline Therapeutics Inc. $20.55 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142960169 CMS
Stemline Therapeutics Inc. $22.16 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142960173 CMS
Stemline Therapeutics Inc. $124.32 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142960171 CMS
Stemline Therapeutics Inc. $25.84 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142960177 CMS
Stemline Therapeutics Inc. $6.07 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142960175 CMS
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. $19.69 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148935709 CMS
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. $15.40 06/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148935711 CMS
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. $14.03 08/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148935713 CMS
TAIHO ONCOLOGY, INC. $17.60 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137945382 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $16.72 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970267 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $1,860.00 01/25/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970269 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $1,860.00 02/08/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970271 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $121.22 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970273 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $22.78 02/22/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970275 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $4,650.00 03/07/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970277 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $17.86 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970279 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $393.96 03/27/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970281 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $124.23 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970283 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $307.85 03/28/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970285 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $9,300.00 04/10/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970287 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $61.95 04/25/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970289 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $104.24 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970291 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $5,075.00 05/09/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970293 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $20.84 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970295 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $539.66 05/23/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970297 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $121.81 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970299 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $382.09 05/24/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970301 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $10,150.00 06/06/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970303 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $94.19 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970305 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $12.28 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970307 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $339.02 07/25/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970309 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $268.48 07/26/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970311 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $7,105.00 08/05/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970313 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $14.58 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970315 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $21.21 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970317 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $2,030.00 09/27/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970319 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $312.89 12/05/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970321 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $23.23 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970323 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $245.35 12/06/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970325 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $121.00 12/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970327 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $7,105.00 12/12/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144970329 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.