Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

JEFFREY S DELO

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Internal Medicine Hematology & Oncology

NPI
1295776383
CMS profile
150096
Location
ANDERSON, SC

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$12,023.36

  • Reported across 520 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$4,798.49

169 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $1,506.97 67
PY2019 $1,415.14 68
PY2020 $734.92 35
PY2021 $687.48 39
PY2022 $1,181.55 63
PY2023 $1,698.81 79
PY2024 $4,798.49 169

Payment records · PY2024 (169)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $26.59 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103622734 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.03 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103622736 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $32.44 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103622738 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.84 12/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103622740 CMS
Amgen Inc. $30.02 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117539322 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $17.70 01/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139289196 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $15.35 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139321160 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $17.93 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139340540 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $14.05 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139271832 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $28.11 10/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139431334 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $14.34 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139415163 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $26.02 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139440092 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $16.39 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105427460 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $23.32 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104360935 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $79.87 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104335718 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $23.98 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104643787 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $19.63 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105365434 CMS
Aveo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $22.38 06/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143479405 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $24.65 02/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086188404 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $22.56 04/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086202752 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $23.86 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086205567 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $29.65 08/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086137669 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $27.44 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086209627 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $26.06 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086235132 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $26.12 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086206982 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $82.20 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120864228 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $14.82 03/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120864226 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $19.95 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120864230 CMS
BeiGene USA, Inc. $19.86 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120864232 CMS
Blueprint Medicines Corporation $15.82 06/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147448880 CMS
Blueprint Medicines Corporation $26.10 06/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147448974 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $29.69 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117953195 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $24.71 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117953193 CMS
Celgene Corporation $21.04 01/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101157356 CMS
Celgene Corporation $22.09 02/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101157358 CMS
Celgene Corporation $18.40 03/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101157360 CMS
Celgene Corporation $20.51 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101157362 CMS
Celgene Corporation $24.52 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101157364 CMS
Celgene Corporation $24.01 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101157366 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $23.34 02/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089414662 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $20.14 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089414660 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $26.52 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089414664 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $24.27 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089414666 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $29.02 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089414668 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $27.81 09/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089414652 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $24.35 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089414654 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $25.67 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089414656 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $24.16 11/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089414658 CMS
Deciphera Pharmaceuticals Inc. $16.28 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145872935 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $9.09 01/11/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101572583 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $12.73 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101572598 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $99.22 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101572783 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $99.22 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101572794 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $12.73 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101572621 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $15.68 04/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101572624 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $11.52 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101572761 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.74 11/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101572757 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $9.48 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101572787 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $0.38 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101572790 CMS
Eisai Inc. $21.14 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110751738 CMS
Eisai Inc. $14.66 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110751736 CMS
Eisai Inc. $25.04 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110751740 CMS
Eisai Inc. $15.48 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110751744 CMS
Eisai Inc. $14.32 10/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110751742 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $17.55 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120226173 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $94.07 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120235500 CMS
EMD Serono, Inc. $17.01 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120229502 CMS
Exelixis Inc. $14.63 02/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138559172 CMS
Exelixis Inc. $17.50 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138559174 CMS
Exelixis Inc. $21.15 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138559176 CMS
Exelixis Inc. $22.82 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138559180 CMS
Exelixis Inc. $18.92 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138559182 CMS
Exelixis Inc. $19.12 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138559178 CMS
Exelixis Inc. $15.85 09/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138559186 CMS
Exelixis Inc. $19.15 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138559184 CMS
Exelixis Inc. $20.23 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138559188 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $14.17 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133029307 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $17.41 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133029315 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $21.79 04/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133029311 CMS
Genentech USA, Inc. $17.71 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133029319 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $44.33 03/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139648248 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $17.25 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139648212 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $14.30 09/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139648270 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $28.25 01/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796091 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $29.37 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796093 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $32.27 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796095 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $30.76 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796097 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $33.36 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796099 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $0.28 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796101 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $32.57 07/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796103 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $31.40 08/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796105 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $0.19 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796107 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $29.52 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796109 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $30.92 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796111 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $28.68 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133796113 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $14.09 03/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115765937 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $13.26 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116684459 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $15.32 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116174326 CMS
Incyte Corporation $23.78 03/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141248778 CMS
Incyte Corporation $18.83 12/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141320551 CMS
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc $15.52 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091960624 CMS
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc $18.19 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1091960622 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $15.35 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078623021 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $2.49 01/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078622384 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $21.69 02/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078623478 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $19.19 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078622558 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $21.23 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078622407 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $28.09 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078623564 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $22.90 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078622670 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $22.80 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078622596 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $23.85 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078622768 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $23.86 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078623616 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $24.60 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135055622 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.97 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135040689 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $17.91 07/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141800944 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $13.66 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141800942 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $25.41 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141903612 CMS
Mirati Therapeutics, Inc. $24.57 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117172222 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $24.05 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881865 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $22.46 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881867 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $99.70 02/16/2024 Long term medical supply or device loan Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881903 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $16.76 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881879 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $99.70 03/15/2024 Long term medical supply or device loan Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881905 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $99.70 04/18/2024 Long term medical supply or device loan Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881907 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $20.60 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881891 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $29.79 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881893 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $99.70 05/16/2024 Long term medical supply or device loan Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881909 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $99.70 06/13/2024 Long term medical supply or device loan Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881911 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $27.18 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881881 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $99.70 07/15/2024 Long term medical supply or device loan Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881913 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $25.95 08/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881897 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $24.00 08/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881887 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $99.70 08/23/2024 Long term medical supply or device loan Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881899 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $99.70 09/27/2024 Long term medical supply or device loan Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881901 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $25.56 10/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881921 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $99.70 10/17/2024 Long term medical supply or device loan Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881917 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $26.86 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881919 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $25.23 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881923 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $99.70 11/14/2024 Long term medical supply or device loan Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881915 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $24.18 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881927 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $99.70 12/10/2024 Long term medical supply or device loan Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086881929 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.42 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131291621 CMS
PFIZER INC. $26.07 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131561862 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.75 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131299076 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.17 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131281148 CMS
PFIZER INC. $8.99 03/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131328982 CMS
PFIZER INC. $16.81 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131689965 CMS
PFIZER INC. $84.61 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131470083 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.34 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131594534 CMS
PFIZER INC. $12.99 05/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131314683 CMS
PFIZER INC. $21.01 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131313352 CMS
PFIZER INC. $21.05 06/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131332222 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.04 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131349147 CMS
PFIZER INC. $16.09 07/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131350321 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.43 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131349143 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.32 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131350317 CMS
PFIZER INC. $19.43 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131366155 CMS
PFIZER INC. $11.42 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131375117 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.72 12/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131270173 CMS
Pharmacosmos Therapeutics Inc. $17.12 02/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154821171 CMS
Pharmacosmos Therapeutics Inc. $15.41 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154821173 CMS
Pharmacosmos Therapeutics Inc. $17.67 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154821175 CMS
Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $19.02 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145198613 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $23.00 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153761634 CMS
SOBI, INC $13.53 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141428821 CMS
SpringWorks Therapeutics, Inc. $19.26 11/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1085803868 CMS
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. $21.89 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148844267 CMS
TAIHO ONCOLOGY, INC. $19.95 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137944115 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $34.53 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144956287 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.