Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

JOHN H SUN

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Internal Medicine Gastroenterology

NPI
1205840899
CMS profile
191096
Location
CAMILLUS, NY

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$15,921.93

  • Reported across 884 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$2,916.55

164 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $2,916.55 164

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $2,443.66 113
PY2019 $2,019.97 134
PY2020 $1,335.63 75
PY2021 $1,895.03 110
PY2022 $2,692.41 141
PY2023 $2,618.68 147
PY2024 $2,916.55 164

Payment records · PY2024 (164)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $19.29 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182925 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.83 01/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182927 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.21 02/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182929 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.22 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182931 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.60 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182933 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.67 03/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182935 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.92 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182937 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.11 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182939 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.03 04/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182941 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.36 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182943 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.66 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182945 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.67 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182947 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.32 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182949 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $25.27 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182951 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.78 06/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182953 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.98 07/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182955 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.71 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182957 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.85 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182959 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.90 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182961 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.96 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182963 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.90 07/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182965 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.02 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182967 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.48 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182969 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.93 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182971 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.06 09/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182973 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.10 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182975 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.92 10/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182977 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.64 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182979 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.34 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182981 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.51 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182983 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.84 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182985 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.36 12/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182987 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.73 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1106182989 CMS
AIMMUNE THERAPEUTICS, INC. $19.64 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147002628 CMS
Ardelyx, Inc. $25.35 04/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146709987 CMS
Ardelyx, Inc. $23.54 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146709989 CMS
Ardelyx, Inc. $24.47 11/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146709991 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $20.57 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117915907 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $6.10 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297695 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $5.58 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297693 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $6.28 08/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297697 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $4.89 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297691 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $7.04 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297703 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $6.45 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297699 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $6.48 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297701 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $12.29 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297717 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $7.65 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297705 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $4.57 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297689 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $9.51 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297713 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $126.03 09/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297719 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $8.68 09/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297709 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $10.35 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297715 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $8.78 12/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297711 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $34.48 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297721 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $8.08 12/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092297707 CMS
Celgene Corporation $20.07 01/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101110570 CMS
Celgene Corporation $13.95 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101110572 CMS
Celgene Corporation $23.22 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101110584 CMS
Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc. $22.63 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137513812 CMS
Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc. $24.19 11/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137513817 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $39.48 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139952053 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $19.87 01/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133639746 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $26.80 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116636670 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $25.01 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1115984355 CMS
Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $22.04 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113635626 CMS
Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $25.81 06/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113635628 CMS
Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.80 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113635630 CMS
IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC $18.11 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153710501 CMS
IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC $24.69 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153719497 CMS
IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC $20.52 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153745766 CMS
IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC $21.44 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153719492 CMS
IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS, INC $20.08 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153763857 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $18.58 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416888 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $35.37 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416518 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $11.21 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416717 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $18.68 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416569 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $1.13 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416773 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $11.38 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416906 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $14.82 04/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416843 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $0.63 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416653 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $14.10 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416910 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $24.12 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416719 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $15.40 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416761 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.87 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416649 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $19.20 12/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078416545 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $22.68 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135069335 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $0.84 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135069337 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $0.75 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135067395 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $15.78 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135069907 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.70 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135067397 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.00 04/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135053066 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $0.97 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135054622 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $11.94 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135053068 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.70 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135069909 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $21.96 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135067399 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $5.64 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135069911 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.19 12/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135054620 CMS
Lucid Diagnostics Inc. $44.32 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152302445 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $33.45 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144183369 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $30.47 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144183371 CMS
Madrigal Pharmaceuticals $32.83 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144183373 CMS
Mauna Kea Technologies, Inc. $19.09 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151446704 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $23.37 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141780109 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $19.80 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141897328 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $18.14 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1141780107 CMS
Organon Llc $13.93 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136205937 CMS
Organon Llc $18.33 08/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136205939 CMS
PENTAX of America, Inc. $30.30 01/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119259754 CMS
PFIZER INC. $19.10 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131223512 CMS
PFIZER INC. $23.35 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131254441 CMS
PFIZER INC. $27.27 05/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131460387 CMS
QOL Medical, LLC $23.36 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147730176 CMS
QOL Medical, LLC $37.99 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147730178 CMS
QOL Medical, LLC $19.53 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147730180 CMS
QOL Medical, LLC $20.10 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147730182 CMS
QOL Medical, LLC $16.54 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147730184 CMS
QOL Medical, LLC $16.53 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147730186 CMS
QOL Medical, LLC $24.65 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147730188 CMS
QOL Medical, LLC $27.21 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147730190 CMS
QOL Medical, LLC $22.61 11/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147730192 CMS
QOL Medical, LLC $19.36 12/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147730194 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $28.47 01/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114203991 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $25.68 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114203997 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $31.57 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114204003 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $20.41 08/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114204011 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $8.35 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153658725 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.25 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153655725 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.96 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153655293 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $6.60 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153486121 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $17.35 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153568718 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.48 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153583312 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.47 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153436901 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $17.87 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153458761 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $2.84 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153614398 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $17.71 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153642210 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.72 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153461544 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $6.03 06/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153462036 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $7.65 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153611773 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $9.52 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153637636 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.62 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153708623 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $11.85 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153647964 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $8.16 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153461650 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $2.97 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153566470 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $6.64 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153664882 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $8.75 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153532832 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $10.84 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153558403 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $8.20 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153587730 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $18.21 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153658641 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $9.04 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153732853 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $18.58 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153696535 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $2.91 11/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153408799 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $18.29 11/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153461454 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $12.19 11/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153664120 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $18.70 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137684048 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $21.46 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137684050 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $16.89 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137684052 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $18.90 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137684054 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $24.15 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137684056 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $1.88 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137684058 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $17.89 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137684060 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $20.48 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137684062 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $18.15 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137684064 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $25.33 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137684066 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $14.58 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137684068 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.