G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc.
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Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments
These records are submitted to CMS and attested to by the reporting companies. CMS publishes them as reported; this site mirrors them without independent verification.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
CMS updates this data on an annual cycle, and corrections or successful disputes made at CMS may not yet appear here. The official CMS record is authoritative for the current state.
Payment records · PY2022
Date, newest first, then reporting company; values as published by CMS.
General Payments · PY2022 · All recipient types · CMS publication 2026-06-30
478 matching records · $6,928.11 reported total · 0 disputed
Nature of payment: All payment types
Records imported here (UTC).
Download all 478 matching records (CSV)
CSV includes CMS record IDs, source and publication dates, the data edition, and a link to these filters. Formula-like text cells are prefixed with an apostrophe for spreadsheet safety.
Showing records 1–50 of 478.
| Recipient | Paying entity | Amount | Date | Nature of payment | Dispute status | Publication flags | Published | Record ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JAMES CAIN Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $11.96 | 12/20/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480051 | CMS |
| PUSADEE SUCHINDA Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $11.96 | 12/20/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480057 | CMS |
| USAH LILAVIVAT Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $11.96 | 12/20/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480069 | CMS |
| NEREYDA DELACRUZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.12 | 12/19/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481675 | CMS |
| PHILIP C HAAS Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.12 | 12/19/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481683 | CMS |
| PARESHKUMAR K PATEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.12 | 12/19/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481687 | CMS |
| KENNEDY R THIAGARAJAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.12 | 12/19/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481697 | CMS |
| ROBERT E BOTTI Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $21.56 | 12/15/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947483209 | CMS |
| ELAINE I KIM Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.18 | 12/07/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481729 | CMS |
| PARESHKUMAR K PATEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $15.45 | 12/07/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482511 | CMS |
| KENNEDY R THIAGARAJAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $15.46 | 12/07/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482518 | CMS |
| WISSAM N HOYEK Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $21.87 | 12/06/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947483217 | CMS |
| MELISSA JOANNE COLTMAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.49 | 12/05/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482017 | CMS |
| LEENA SHARAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.50 | 12/05/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482041 | CMS |
| PREETHY SARA OOMMEN Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.50 | 12/05/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482053 | CMS |
| ALLISON S ROBERTS Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.50 | 12/05/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482075 | CMS |
| ROBIN WILLIAMS ADAMI Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $11.71 | 12/01/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947479725 | CMS |
| CHIARINA HEYDER Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $11.72 | 12/01/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947479731 | CMS |
| AMPARO E HALECKI Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $11.72 | 12/01/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947479737 | CMS |
| CLODIA JORDAN CHAPPELL WHITE Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $11.72 | 12/01/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947479747 | CMS |
| BILLEE B PAYNE Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $11.72 | 12/01/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947479753 | CMS |
| ABDUL EZELDIN Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $12.37 | 12/01/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480453 | CMS |
| SABRY AHMAD OMAR Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $12.37 | 12/01/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480459 | CMS |
| LAWRENCE J ELLIOTT Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $12.37 | 12/01/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480465 | CMS |
| ANDREW MURRAY Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $12.37 | 12/01/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480473 | CMS |
| JAEHOON CHUNG Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.37 | 11/22/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481889 | CMS |
| YEMUNA E SATYA Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $12.11 | 11/17/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480236 | CMS |
| PAREENA BILKOO Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $12.11 | 11/17/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480245 | CMS |
| ANN R MANUEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.72 | 11/16/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482269 | CMS |
| HAYLI JOINER Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.73 | 11/16/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482285 | CMS |
| RHONA EARLEY Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.73 | 11/16/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482293 | CMS |
| FRANCIS A PALERMO Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $12.77 | 11/15/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480701 | CMS |
| COLLEEN L ALLEN Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $12.78 | 11/15/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480779 | CMS |
| NICHOLAS BIASOTTO Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $12.54 | 11/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480655 | CMS |
| MANOJ P SHAH Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $11.75 | 11/09/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947479768 | CMS |
| KAYLAN FELKER Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $11.75 | 11/09/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947479777 | CMS |
| RACHEL ANDERSON LASSETER Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $11.75 | 11/09/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947479781 | CMS |
| OWAIS M IDRIS Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.05 | 11/09/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481643 | CMS |
| ALLISON S ROBERTS Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.05 | 11/09/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481651 | CMS |
| FOTINI MARIA CHALKIAS Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.29 | 11/09/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481817 | CMS |
| LINDSAY H BEEKER Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.61 | 11/08/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482203 | CMS |
| SHAWN SOMMERLAD Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $14.61 | 11/08/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482211 | CMS |
| JOHN G HAWKINS Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $12.00 | 11/07/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947480113 | CMS |
| ROLAND L BELLUSCIO Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $15.39 | 11/07/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947482505 | CMS |
| MARK ADRIAN PETERMAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $13.04 | 11/03/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481031 | CMS |
| ELAINE I KIM Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $13.04 | 11/03/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481037 | CMS |
| PREETHY SARA OOMMEN Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $13.04 | 11/03/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481047 | CMS |
| ALLISON S ROBERTS Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $13.04 | 11/03/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481053 | CMS |
| JENNIFER ANNE CORRALES Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $13.05 | 11/03/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481061 | CMS |
| AMIR IQBAL CHOUDHRY Physician / non-physician practitioner | G Medical Diagnostic Services, Inc. | $13.05 | 11/03/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 947481069 | CMS |
Practitioner overview · all loaded program years
665 providers listed 943 records General Payments
General Payments to practitioners — all loaded program years
- Category: General Payments
- Program years: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
- Record count: 943
- Providers listed: 665
Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
Coverage: program years 2019–2025, General Payments only, reported to physicians and non-physician practitioners. Payments to teaching hospitals are not included in these practitioner figures. Each figure is labeled with its category and program year; categories are never combined.
Practitioner payments by program year
| Program year | Reported | Records | Providers | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PY2019 | $2,710.61 | 175 | 121 | This company in PY2019 → |
| PY2020 | $573.49 | 37 | 35 | This company in PY2020 → |
| PY2021 | $1,571.75 | 93 | 93 | This company in PY2021 → |
| PY2022 | $6,870.10 | 477 | 389 | This company in PY2022 → |
| PY2023 | $1,925.02 | 111 | 88 | This company in PY2023 → |
| PY2024 | $1,431.66 | 50 | 36 | This company in PY2024 → |
By recipient specialty (40)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians 27 specialties 479 providers
- Anesthesiology 1
- Anesthesiology · Pain Medicine 3
- Dermatology 1
- Emergency Medicine 1
- Emergency Medicine · Emergency Medical Services 1
- Emergency Medicine · Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine 1
- Family Medicine 19
- Hospitalist 1
- Internal Medicine 46
- Internal Medicine · Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology 2
- Internal Medicine · Cardiovascular Disease 238
- Internal Medicine · Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology 44
- Internal Medicine · Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism 6
- Internal Medicine · Geriatric Medicine 1
- Internal Medicine · Interventional Cardiology 89
- Internal Medicine · Nephrology 3
- Internal Medicine · Pulmonary Disease 2
- Neurological Surgery 1
- Nuclear Medicine · Nuclear Cardiology 2
- Pain Medicine · Interventional Pain Medicine 2
- Pain Medicine · Pain Medicine 1
- Pediatrics · Pediatric Cardiology 6
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 1
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · Pain Medicine 2
- Psychiatry & Neurology · Neurology 1
- Surgery · Vascular Surgery 1
- Thoracic Surgery (Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery) 3
Dental Providers 2 specialties 3 providers
Eye and Vision Services Providers 1 specialty 1 providers
Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers 10 specialties 175 providers
- Clinical Nurse Specialist · Adult Health 1
- Nurse Practitioner 31
- Nurse Practitioner · Acute Care 18
- Nurse Practitioner · Adult Health 12
- Nurse Practitioner · Family 64
- Nurse Practitioner · Gerontology 6
- Nurse Practitioner · Primary Care 2
- Physician Assistant 25
- Physician Assistant · Medical 15
- Physician Assistant · Surgical 1
Providers listed (665)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
| Provider | Specialty | State | Records reported by this company |
|---|---|---|---|
| AARON L BUSH | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | FL | 1 |
| ABDUL EZELDIN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | FL | 1 |
| ABDUL RASHID | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | TX | 1 |
| ABEL RIVERO | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | FL | 1 |
| ABRAHAM ISHAAYA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Pulmonary Disease | CA | 1 |
| ABUL NASSER KHAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | TX | 1 |
| ADAM D PRICE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology | TX | 1 |
| ADITYA CHOPRA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | MD | 1 |
| ADNAN NAZIR | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | WI | 1 |
| AGUSTUS BECK | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | OH | 3 |
| AHMAD N KAHF | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | NJ | 2 |
| ALAN KALISCHER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | NJ | 4 |
| ALAN MITCHELL GROSSMAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | AZ | 1 |
| ALAN S LAPA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | NJ | 3 |
| ALBERTO DIAZ | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | FL | 1 |
| ALEJANDRO SARRIA ARBOCCO | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | FL | 1 |
| ALEXANDER A ADLER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | IL | 1 |
| ALEXANDER ALPEROVICH | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | TN | 1 |
| ALEXANDER BEYLINSON | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | NY | 2 |
| ALEXANDRA K MYERS | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Physician Assistant|Medical | FL | 1 |
| ALI I MOUSTAPHA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | TX | 1 |
| ALI N RIZVI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | TX | 1 |
| ALI Y SALMAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | NY | 3 |
| ALICE E HOPPLE | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | DE | 3 |
| ALICIA LUISA VEGA | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | GA | 2 |
| ALISSA ASHLEY RUE | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner | WI | 1 |
| ALLISON DEVAUX | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | SC | 1 |
| ALLISON S ROBERTS | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | TX | 6 |
| ALOK GOYAL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | WI | 1 |
| ALPESH PATEL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | NJ | 1 |
| ALPHONSE M AMBROSIA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | AZ | 1 |
| AMALA CHIRUMAMILLA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | NY | 2 |
| AMANDA LAUREN LEWIS | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | GA | 1 |
| AMANDA ROSE GARTNER | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner | TX | 1 |
| AMARJIT SINGH | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | NY | 1 |
| AMARNATH R VEDERE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | FL | 1 |
| AMBARISH GOPAL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | TX | 1 |
| AMBROSE PANICO | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology | AZ | 1 |
| AMIN AL-AHMAD | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology | TX | 1 |
| AMIR IQBAL CHOUDHRY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | TX | 1 |
| AMISH M PARIKH | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | FL | 1 |
| AMISH S DAVE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology | TX | 1 |
| AMISH T PATEL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | NJ | 2 |
| AMIT PRASAD | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | TX | 1 |
| AMPARO E HALECKI | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner | NC | 1 |
| AMR KAHF | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | NJ | 1 |
| AMY E BLANCKE | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner | TX | 1 |
| AMY ELIZABETH CRADIC | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | NC | 2 |
| AMY L WOODRUFF | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | TX | 2 |
| ANDRES F RUIZ | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | FL | 1 |