Medicure Pharma Inc.
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Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments
These records are submitted to CMS and attested to by the reporting companies. CMS publishes them as reported; this site mirrors them without independent verification.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
CMS updates this data on an annual cycle, and corrections or successful disputes made at CMS may not yet appear here. The official CMS record is authoritative for the current state.
Payment records · PY2021
Date, newest first, then reporting company; values as published by CMS.
General Payments · PY2021 · All recipient types · CMS publication 2026-06-30
865 matching records · $39,146.71 reported total · 0 disputed
Nature of payment: All payment types
Records imported here (UTC).
CSV includes CMS record IDs, source and publication dates, the data edition, and a link to these filters. Formula-like text cells are prefixed with an apostrophe for spreadsheet safety.
Showing records 1–50 of 865.
| Recipient | Paying entity | Amount | Date | Nature of payment | Dispute status | Publication flags | Published | Record ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROBERT D BOYD Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $12.50 | 12/23/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907625 | CMS |
| AMARNATH AVANCHA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $15.49 | 12/22/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907275 | CMS |
| MARTIN Z JIMENEZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $13.56 | 12/22/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907471 | CMS |
| GERARD T EICHMAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $15.63 | 12/21/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907255 | CMS |
| TARIQSHAH M SYED Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $15.63 | 12/21/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907257 | CMS |
| DAVID M WILD Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $15.63 | 12/21/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907259 | CMS |
| SADIA I QAZI Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $14.00 | 12/14/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907427 | CMS |
| MICHAEL DENKER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $13.00 | 12/10/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907553 | CMS |
| BARRY RICHARD GOLDBERG Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $12.40 | 12/10/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907651 | CMS |
| TONY CHU Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $13.65 | 12/09/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907457 | CMS |
| MAURICE D WEISS Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $13.65 | 12/09/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907459 | CMS |
| MARY A ZAKUTNEY Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $11.85 | 12/08/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907713 | CMS |
| WILLIAM I CREVIER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $13.24 | 12/07/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907523 | CMS |
| ROBERT LEE BLOOMFIELD Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $13.90 | 12/06/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907441 | CMS |
| ENAS E TUPPO Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $15.53 | 12/03/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907269 | CMS |
| ELENA M MENDEZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $15.53 | 12/03/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907271 | CMS |
| SYLVIA A COSCIA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $17.48 | 12/02/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907145 | CMS |
| SARIKA SHARMA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $11.30 | 12/02/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907819 | CMS |
| NEIL SAXENA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $15.00 | 11/23/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907325 | CMS |
| ERIC STRUBLE Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $15.00 | 11/23/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907329 | CMS |
| HENRY W KONG Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $18.75 | 11/18/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907071 | CMS |
| LUCIE BIANCHI Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $12.48 | 11/16/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907633 | CMS |
| ALEXANDER POSTALIAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $11.78 | 11/16/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907727 | CMS |
| ALBERTO LOPEZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $11.78 | 11/16/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907729 | CMS |
| EMERSON CARVALHO PERIN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $11.78 | 11/16/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907733 | CMS |
| ROBERTO LUFSCHANOWSKI Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $11.78 | 11/16/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907735 | CMS |
| WON M KIM Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $12.37 | 11/15/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907653 | CMS |
| FARHAD MELAMED Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $11.60 | 11/15/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907775 | CMS |
| ROBERT HUIZENGA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $11.60 | 11/15/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907777 | CMS |
| HONG JEONG Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $20.46 | 11/12/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827906941 | CMS |
| MAZHAR E ELAMIR Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $13.51 | 11/12/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907477 | CMS |
| GLENN DAVISON Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $450.00 | 11/11/2021 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827906163 | CMS |
| SAMIR S JAIN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $13.33 | 11/10/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907501 | CMS |
| THOMAS PITOSCIA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $12.88 | 11/08/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907565 | CMS |
| SILVIO A QUAGLIA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $12.88 | 11/08/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907575 | CMS |
| VIKAS C JAIN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $11.21 | 11/08/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907829 | CMS |
| PETER ANDREW MCCULLOUGH Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $11.21 | 11/08/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907831 | CMS |
| THOMAS W KOMOROWSKI Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $15.54 | 11/05/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907265 | CMS |
| TIMOTHY C GABRIEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $27.32 | 11/04/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827906661 | CMS |
| ANTHONY JOSEPH LEONE Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $21.00 | 11/04/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827906913 | CMS |
| OXANA OVAKIMYAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $14.62 | 11/04/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907363 | CMS |
| PAUL S BARON Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $14.62 | 11/04/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907365 | CMS |
| ASU RUSTEMLI Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $13.76 | 11/04/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907447 | CMS |
| RENATO D ALBERTO Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $13.76 | 11/04/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907449 | CMS |
| NATHANIEL LEBOWITZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $600.00 | 11/02/2021 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827906161 | CMS |
| JOSEPH FREEDMAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $19.36 | 11/02/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907037 | CMS |
| AHAB M GABRIEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $15.00 | 11/02/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907335 | CMS |
| MICHAEL GLENN WINNIE Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $12.50 | 11/02/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907627 | CMS |
| STEPHEN R CORDAY Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $19.42 | 11/01/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907033 | CMS |
| GLEN W BERGER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Medicure Pharma Inc. | $14.00 | 11/01/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 827907429 | CMS |
Practitioner overview · all loaded program years
1,887 providers listed 2,411 records General Payments
General Payments to practitioners — all loaded program years
- Category: General Payments
- Program years: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025
- Record count: 2,411
- Providers listed: 1,887
Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
Coverage: program years 2019–2025, General Payments only, reported to physicians and non-physician practitioners. Payments to teaching hospitals are not included in these practitioner figures. Each figure is labeled with its category and program year; categories are never combined.
Practitioner payments by program year
| Program year | Reported | Records | Providers | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PY2019 | $63,645.67 | 255 | 197 | This company in PY2019 → |
| PY2020 | $70,825.84 | 299 | 228 | This company in PY2020 → |
| PY2021 | $39,146.71 | 865 | 864 | This company in PY2021 → |
| PY2022 | $38,028.27 | 370 | 368 | This company in PY2022 → |
| PY2023 | $15,238.95 | 167 | 163 | This company in PY2023 → |
| PY2024 | $27,667.20 | 219 | 214 | This company in PY2024 → |
| PY2025 | $47,943.18 | 236 | 236 | This company in PY2025 → |
By recipient specialty (63)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians 44 specialties 1,420 providers
- Allergy & Immunology 2
- Anesthesiology 1
- Emergency Medicine 8
- Family Medicine 446
- Family Medicine · Adult Medicine 7
- Family Medicine · Geriatric Medicine 4
- Family Medicine · Sports Medicine 3
- General Practice 22
- Hospitalist 5
- Internal Medicine 434
- Internal Medicine · Adolescent Medicine 3
- Internal Medicine · Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology 9
- Internal Medicine · Cardiovascular Disease 230
- Internal Medicine · Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology 9
- Internal Medicine · Critical Care Medicine 2
- Internal Medicine · Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism 67
- Internal Medicine · Gastroenterology 1
- Internal Medicine · Geriatric Medicine 8
- Internal Medicine · Hematology & Oncology 1
- Internal Medicine · Infectious Disease 6
- Internal Medicine · Interventional Cardiology 100
- Internal Medicine · Nephrology 9
- Internal Medicine · Obesity Medicine 1
- Internal Medicine · Pulmonary Disease 6
- Internal Medicine · Rheumatology 3
- Neurological Surgery 3
- Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine & OMM 1
- Nuclear Medicine 1
- Obstetrics & Gynecology · Gynecology 1
- Obstetrics & Gynecology · Reproductive Endocrinology 1
- Pain Medicine · Interventional Pain Medicine 1
- Pediatrics 6
- Pediatrics · Pediatric Cardiology 1
- Pediatrics · Pediatric Infectious Diseases 1
- Preventive Medicine · Occupational Medicine 1
- Psychiatry & Neurology · Neurology 5
- Psychiatry & Neurology · Neurology with Special Qualifications in Child Neurology 1
- Psychiatry & Neurology · Psychiatry 3
- Psychiatry & Neurology · Vascular Neurology 1
- Radiology · Neuroradiology 1
- Radiology · Vascular & Interventional Radiology 1
- Surgery · Vascular Surgery 1
- Thoracic Surgery (Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery) 2
- Urology 1
Chiropractic Providers 1 specialty 1 providers
Dental Providers 2 specialties 2 providers
Nursing Service Providers 2 specialties 2 providers
Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers 14 specialties 437 providers
- Clinical Nurse Specialist · Adult Health 1
- Clinical Nurse Specialist · Pediatrics 1
- Nurse Practitioner 58
- Nurse Practitioner · Acute Care 11
- Nurse Practitioner · Adult Health 27
- Nurse Practitioner · Family 171
- Nurse Practitioner · Gerontology 7
- Nurse Practitioner · Obstetrics & Gynecology 1
- Nurse Practitioner · Pediatrics 1
- Nurse Practitioner · Primary Care 19
- Nurse Practitioner · Psychiatric/Mental Health 5
- Nurse Practitioner · Women's Health 3
- Physician Assistant 86
- Physician Assistant · Medical 46
Providers listed (1,887)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
| Provider | Specialty | State | Records reported by this company |
|---|---|---|---|
| A THOMAS PARSA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine | CA | 2 |
| AALIYA ALI | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | FL | 2 |
| AAMER A QURESHI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | NC | 1 |
| AARON DAVID JARRETT | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine | CO | 1 |
| AARON HORNE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | NJ | 1 |
| ABDEL-RAHMAN ZAKIEH | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | FL | 1 |
| ABDUL W KHAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | CA | 1 |
| ABDUR RAUF | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | TX | 1 |
| ABE GREEN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Nephrology | CA | 1 |
| ABID HUSSAIN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | CA | 1 |
| ADA M ANDINO | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | NJ | 1 |
| ADAM D KARNS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | CA | 2 |
| ADAM MICHAEL PENFOLD | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Physician Assistant|Medical | WV | 1 |
| ADAM R BAINEY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology | FL | 1 |
| ADAM S MINER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine | TX | 1 |
| ADDAM MASRI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine | FL | 1 |
| ADEEBA K AKHTAR | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine|Geriatric Medicine | TX | 1 |
| ADEL M SIDKY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | FL | 1 |
| ADELAIDA VALERIO RESUELLO | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pediatrics | NV | 1 |
| ADORACION A REYES | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine | CA | 1 |
| ADRIAN HARRY SHANDLING | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | CA | 4 |
| ADRIAN PEREZ MEDINA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|General Practice | PR | 1 |
| ADRIJANA MIJATOVIC | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Adult Health | FL | 1 |
| AGOSTINO INGRALDI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | LA | 1 |
| AGUSTIN CABRERA SANTAMARIA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | TX | 2 |
| AHAB M GABRIEL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | NJ | 1 |
| AJAY K GUPTA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | NJ | 1 |
| AJOMOL K JOSE | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | FL | 1 |
| ALAIN A WAKED | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Interventional Cardiology | CA | 1 |
| ALAN A FRISCHER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | CA | 1 |
| ALAN DEAN JUSTICE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | GA | 1 |
| ALAN N BYBEE | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Physician Assistant|Medical | UT | 1 |
| ALAN R KOSLOW | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Surgery|Vascular Surgery | IA | 1 |
| ALAN S BROWN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | IL | 8 |
| ALAN S HOFFMAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | TX | 6 |
| ALAN SIMON | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | NJ | 1 |
| ALAN Y LO | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | CA | 3 |
| ALANA D PRINGLE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine | VA | 1 |
| ALAPATT THOMAS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | NJ | 1 |
| ALBENE KOKOCINSKI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | IL | 1 |
| ALBERT A PRZYBYLSKI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine | MI | 1 |
| ALBERT C RUTTINGER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine|Geriatric Medicine | AZ | 2 |
| ALBERT SHAMOUELIAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism | CA | 1 |
| ALBERTO LOPEZ | — | TX | 1 |
| ALBINA K GOSMANOVA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism | OK | 1 |
| ALEKSANDRA S NOVIK | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | NJ | 1 |
| ALEX M GOLDSMITH | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism | CO | 2 |
| ALEXANDER A ADLER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | IL | 1 |
| ALEXANDER G TRUESDELL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | VA | 3 |
| ALEXANDER MORDEN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | NY | 1 |