SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC.
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Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments
These records are submitted to CMS and attested to by the reporting companies. CMS publishes them as reported; this site mirrors them without independent verification.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
CMS updates this data on an annual cycle, and corrections or successful disputes made at CMS may not yet appear here. The official CMS record is authoritative for the current state.
Payment records · PY2022
Date, newest first, then reporting company; values as published by CMS.
General Payments · PY2022 · All recipient types · CMS publication 2026-06-30
752 matching records · $1,321,341.45 reported total · 0 disputed
Nature of payment: All payment types
Records imported here (UTC).
Download all 752 matching records (CSV)
CSV includes CMS record IDs, source and publication dates, the data edition, and a link to these filters. Formula-like text cells are prefixed with an apostrophe for spreadsheet safety.
Showing records 1–50 of 752.
| Recipient | Paying entity | Amount | Date | Nature of payment | Dispute status | Publication flags | Published | Record ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASHISH K SAHAI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $26,400.00 | 12/30/2022 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 959323323 | CMS |
| ASHISH K SAHAI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $1,087.19 | 12/30/2022 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 959323777 | CMS |
| ASHISH K SAHAI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $16,800.00 | 12/30/2022 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 959323825 | CMS |
| MICHAEL RALPH WHEELER Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $135.58 | 12/29/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952833985 | CMS |
| JOHN DA VINCI ATTENELLO Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $143.23 | 12/29/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834173 | CMS |
| ANDREW CANNESTRA Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $61.96 | 12/29/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834237 | CMS |
| BERNARD GUIOT Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $27.41 | 12/29/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834239 | CMS |
| ANDREW WELLS MOULTON Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $32.78 | 12/29/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834241 | CMS |
| GREGORY D CARLSON Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $20.69 | 12/29/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834935 | CMS |
| JOHN R JOHNSON Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $59.02 | 12/21/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952833891 | CMS |
| GENTIAN TOSHKEZI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $6.00 | 12/20/2022 | Entertainment | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834143 | CMS |
| GENTIAN TOSHKEZI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $56.72 | 12/20/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834145 | CMS |
| RAVI CHANDRA MADINENI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $2.53 | 12/20/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834147 | CMS |
| EVAN DOUGLAS O'BRIEN Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $18.73 | 12/20/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834149 | CMS |
| JEFFREY TODD SMITH Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $33.04 | 12/20/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834295 | CMS |
| JOHN EDWARDS Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $48.69 | 12/19/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952833927 | CMS |
| JOSHUA D BECK Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $138.63 | 12/15/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834339 | CMS |
| ERNEST EARL BRAXTON Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $101.85 | 12/15/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834341 | CMS |
| ERNEST EARL BRAXTON Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $150.00 | 12/15/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834343 | CMS |
| JAMES C ROBINSON Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $141.72 | 12/15/2022 | Royalty or License | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 959323741 | CMS |
| STEVEN MAX RAPP Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $46.47 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952833883 | CMS |
| STEVEN MAX RAPP Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $64.52 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952833885 | CMS |
| AARON RAPP Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $64.51 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952833889 | CMS |
| RAMIN RAISZADEH Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $13.85 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834201 | CMS |
| RAMIN RAISZADEH Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $130.98 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834203 | CMS |
| ALEXANDER R VACCARO Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $101.99 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834205 | CMS |
| BARRETT I WOODS Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $101.99 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834207 | CMS |
| VICTOR HSU Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $101.98 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834209 | CMS |
| TERRENCE T CROWDER Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $7.38 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834211 | CMS |
| JUAN S URIBE Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $30.38 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834213 | CMS |
| JEFFREY TODD SMITH Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $90.73 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834291 | CMS |
| DOMINIC C MAGGIO Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $14.19 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834293 | CMS |
| ROBERT M MASELLA Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $40.38 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834527 | CMS |
| ABHISHEK KUMAR Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $13.98 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834529 | CMS |
| ALEXIOS APAZIDIS Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $13.97 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834531 | CMS |
| SHIVEINDRA B JEYAMOHAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $13.98 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834533 | CMS |
| WAYNE FLEISCHHACKER Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $13.98 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834535 | CMS |
| THOMAS OSTERMAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $13.98 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834537 | CMS |
| ABHISHEK KUMAR Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $122.03 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834539 | CMS |
| ALEXIOS APAZIDIS Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $122.04 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834541 | CMS |
| SHIVEINDRA B JEYAMOHAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $122.03 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834543 | CMS |
| WAYNE FLEISCHHACKER Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $122.03 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834545 | CMS |
| THOMAS OSTERMAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $122.03 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834547 | CMS |
| ABHISHEK KUMAR Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $58.24 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834549 | CMS |
| MATTHEW P CUBBAGE Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $6.14 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834833 | CMS |
| YAN M LI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $49.23 | 12/14/2022 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 952834835 | CMS |
| VITTORIO M MORREALE Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $750.00 | 12/09/2022 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 959323187 | CMS |
| DOUGLAS C CROWTHER Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $127.23 | 12/09/2022 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 959323371 | CMS |
| JONATHAN A HYDE Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $3,900.00 | 12/09/2022 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 959323509 | CMS |
| DOUGLAS C CROWTHER Physician / non-physician practitioner | SPINAL ELEMENTS, INC. | $7,750.00 | 12/09/2022 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 959323637 | CMS |
Practitioner overview · all loaded program years
1,090 providers listed 4,270 records General Payments
General Payments to practitioners — all loaded program years
- Category: General Payments
- Program years: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025
- Record count: 4,270
- Providers listed: 1,090
Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
Coverage: program years 2019–2025, General Payments only, reported to physicians and non-physician practitioners. Payments to teaching hospitals are not included in these practitioner figures. Each figure is labeled with its category and program year; categories are never combined.
Practitioner payments by program year
| Program year | Reported | Records | Providers | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PY2019 | $582,419.27 | 432 | 133 | This company in PY2019 → |
| PY2020 | $1,036,415.50 | 395 | 132 | This company in PY2020 → |
| PY2021 | $1,464,555.36 | 738 | 250 | This company in PY2021 → |
| PY2022 | $1,321,341.45 | 752 | 292 | This company in PY2022 → |
| PY2023 | $42,516.07 | 536 | 231 | This company in PY2023 → |
| PY2024 | $50,591.31 | 850 | 412 | This company in PY2024 → |
| PY2025 | $46,109.86 | 567 | 231 | This company in PY2025 → |
By recipient specialty (49)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians 35 specialties 1,016 providers
- Anesthesiology 3
- Anesthesiology · Pain Medicine 13
- Dermatology · MOHS-Micrographic Surgery 1
- Emergency Medicine 2
- Family Medicine 4
- Family Medicine · Sports Medicine 2
- Hospitalist 2
- Internal Medicine 13
- Internal Medicine · Cardiovascular Disease 5
- Internal Medicine · Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism 1
- Internal Medicine · Gastroenterology 1
- Internal Medicine · Hematology & Oncology 1
- Internal Medicine · Pulmonary Disease 1
- Internal Medicine · Rheumatology 2
- Neurological Surgery 448
- Orthopaedic Surgery 181
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Adult Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery 1
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Hand Surgery 1
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine 275
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Orthopaedic Trauma 1
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery 3
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Sports Medicine 10
- Otolaryngology 1
- Pain Medicine · Interventional Pain Medicine 7
- Pain Medicine · Pain Medicine 3
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 8
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · Pain Medicine 5
- Preventive Medicine · Addiction Medicine 1
- Psychiatry & Neurology · Neurology 2
- Radiology · Vascular & Interventional Radiology 2
- Surgery 9
- Surgery · Surgical Critical Care 1
- Surgery · Trauma Surgery 1
- Surgery · Vascular Surgery 3
- Thoracic Surgery (Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery) 2
Chiropractic Providers 2 specialties 8 providers
Dental Providers 1 specialty 1 providers
Eye and Vision Services Providers 1 specialty 1 providers
Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers 9 specialties 46 providers
Podiatric Medicine & Surgery Service Providers 1 specialty 2 providers
Providers listed (1,090)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
| Provider | Specialty | State | Records reported by this company |
|---|---|---|---|
| AARON RAPP | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | MI | 7 |
| AARON ROSS BURKET | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | OH | 1 |
| AARON T CREEK | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | FL | 34 |
| AASIM KAZMI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | NJ | 5 |
| ABDALLAH SAD-UD DIN FARRUKH | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | CA | 1 |
| ABDOLREZA SIADATI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | TX | 1 |
| ABDUL FETTAH BUYUK | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | MO | 2 |
| ABDUL MOUNNEM YASSIN KASSAB | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | FL | 1 |
| ABDUL REHMAN ARAIN | — | NY | 1 |
| ABHINEET CHOWDHARY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | AZ | 12 |
| ABHISHEK KALIDAS KULKARNI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Cardiovascular Disease | IL | 4 |
| ABHISHEK KUMAR | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | NJ | 38 |
| ADAM ARCHIE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | GA | 1 |
| ADAM BROWN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | NC | 3 |
| ADAM C CROWL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | VA | 2 |
| ADAM G PODET | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | LA | 7 |
| ADAM I LEWIS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | TX | 1 |
| ADAM LIPSON | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | NJ | 4 |
| ADEWALE BAKARE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | MO | 1 |
| ADEWALE O ADENIRAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | TX | 1 |
| ADIL A SAMAD | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | FL | 9 |
| ADITYA KRISHNA IYER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | CA | 5 |
| AHILAN SIVAGANESAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | FL | 1 |
| AHMER K GHORI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | IN | 4 |
| AJIT SIVANANDA JADA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | PA | 2 |
| AKRAM MAHMOUD | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | NY | 1 |
| AKUL PATEL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | DE | 1 |
| ALAIN E ELBAZ | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Sports Medicine | TX | 1 |
| ALBERT J FENOY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | TX | 1 |
| ALBERTO SANDOVAL RAMIREZ | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Physician Assistant | CA | 1 |
| ALEJANDRO DANIEL CASTELLVI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | PA | 9 |
| ALEJANDRO LOPEZ | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | NJ | 1 |
| ALEXA BODMAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | TX | 1 |
| ALEXANDER C LEMONS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | NC | 13 |
| ALEXANDER CARANGELO | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Physician Assistant | NY | 1 |
| ALEXANDER FARBER POST | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | GA | 1 |
| ALEXANDER MATTHEW SATIN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | TX | 1 |
| ALEXANDER MOLINARI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | TX | 1 |
| ALEXANDER R VACCARO | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | PA | 33 |
| ALEXIOS APAZIDIS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | NY | 9 |
| ALEXIS M WAGUESPACK | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | LA | 1 |
| ALFONSO MAXIMO FUENTES PINILLOS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | TX | 1 |
| ALI A BAAJ | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | NY | 1 |
| ALI ARAGHI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | AZ | 3 |
| ALI CHAHLAVI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | FL | 10 |
| ALI K VALIMAHOMED | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pain Medicine|Interventional Pain Medicine | NJ | 1 |
| ALI RAJA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | AZ | 1 |
| ALLISON L BROWN | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner | IA | 5 |
| ALOK DAYAL SHARAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | NJ | 1 |
| ALON ANTEBI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Trauma | CA | 1 |