Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
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Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments
These records are submitted to CMS and attested to by the reporting companies. CMS publishes them as reported; this site mirrors them without independent verification.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
CMS updates this data on an annual cycle, and corrections or successful disputes made at CMS may not yet appear here. The official CMS record is authoritative for the current state.
Payment records · PY2019
Date, newest first, then reporting company; values as published by CMS.
General Payments · PY2019 · All recipient types · CMS publication 2026-06-30
628 matching records · $618,438.53 reported total · 0 disputed
Nature of payment: All payment types
Records imported here (UTC).
CSV includes CMS record IDs, source and publication dates, the data edition, and a link to these filters. Formula-like text cells are prefixed with an apostrophe for spreadsheet safety.
Showing records 1–50 of 628.
| Recipient | Paying entity | Amount | Date | Nature of payment | Dispute status | Publication flags | Published | Record ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSP & CLINICS Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $180.00 | 12/30/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428653 | CMS |
| JACOBI MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $60.00 | 12/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692426819 | CMS |
| BLESSING HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $60.00 | 12/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427631 | CMS |
| BILLINGS CLINIC Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $350.13 | 12/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428172 | CMS |
| ST. MARYS OF MICHIGAN Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $312.00 | 12/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428333 | CMS |
| VIRGINIA MASON MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $975.00 | 12/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428441 | CMS |
| UPMC - PRESBYTERIAN SHADYSIDE Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $315.00 | 12/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428537 | CMS |
| MOUNT AUBURN HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $200.00 | 12/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428641 | CMS |
| UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSP & CLINICS Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $735.00 | 12/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428647 | CMS |
| UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSP & CLINICS Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $810.00 | 12/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428651 | CMS |
| EASTERN NIAGARA HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $7,483.33 | 12/24/2019 | Gift | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428533 | CMS |
| CHILDRENS HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $75.00 | 12/22/2019 | Gift | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427341 | CMS |
| HARTFORD HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $275.00 | 12/19/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692426811 | CMS |
| STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $668.40 | 12/19/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692426827 | CMS |
| UPMC HAMOT Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $42.00 | 12/19/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427065 | CMS |
| ALLEGHENY GENERAL HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $525.00 | 12/19/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427075 | CMS |
| BROADLAWNS MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $894.00 | 12/19/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427879 | CMS |
| BROADLAWNS MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $836.00 | 12/19/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427883 | CMS |
| LANGLEY PORTER PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $300.00 | 12/19/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428330 | CMS |
| MOUNT AUBURN HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $110.00 | 12/19/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428629 | CMS |
| MOUNT AUBURN HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $1,304.00 | 12/19/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428633 | CMS |
| MOUNT AUBURN HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $1,956.00 | 12/19/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428637 | CMS |
| STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $288.00 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692426823 | CMS |
| UPMC HAMOT Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $80.00 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427057 | CMS |
| UPMC HAMOT Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $434.00 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427060 | CMS |
| ALLEGHENY GENERAL HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $100.00 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427069 | CMS |
| ALLEGHENY GENERAL HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $750.00 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427071 | CMS |
| ALLEGHENY GENERAL HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $150.00 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427079 | CMS |
| BLESSING HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $409.50 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427617 | CMS |
| BLESSING HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $348.00 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427623 | CMS |
| BLESSING HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $712.50 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427627 | CMS |
| BROADLAWNS MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $792.00 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427873 | CMS |
| BROADLAWNS MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $1,092.00 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427875 | CMS |
| LANGLEY PORTER PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $390.00 | 12/17/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428325 | CMS |
| UPMC HAMOT Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $822.00 | 12/05/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427053 | CMS |
| BLESSING HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $63.00 | 12/05/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427259 | CMS |
| PRESENCE ST. JOSEPH MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $396.00 | 12/05/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427635 | CMS |
| PRESENCE ST. JOSEPH MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $1,680.00 | 12/05/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427639 | CMS |
| UT MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $1,893.41 | 12/01/2019 | Gift | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428179 | CMS |
| MOUNT AUBURN HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $1,100.00 | 11/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692426583 | CMS |
| MOUNT AUBURN HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $100.00 | 11/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692426587 | CMS |
| HARTFORD HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $800.00 | 11/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692426791 | CMS |
| BLESSING HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $72.00 | 11/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427255 | CMS |
| CHILDRENS HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $300.00 | 11/27/2019 | Gift | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427337 | CMS |
| MCHS EAU CLAIRE HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $5,922.00 | 11/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427593 | CMS |
| MCHS EAU CLAIRE HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $972.00 | 11/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427597 | CMS |
| MCHS EAU CLAIRE HOSPITAL Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $90.00 | 11/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692427601 | CMS |
| COOK CHILDRENS MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $375.00 | 11/27/2019 | Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428168 | CMS |
| CITY OF HOPE NATIONAL MEDICAL CTR Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $10.69 | 11/27/2019 | Gift | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692428487 | CMS |
| ALBERT EINSTEIN MEDICAL CENTER Teaching hospital | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | $18.08 | 11/26/2019 | Gift | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 692426815 | CMS |
Practitioner overview · all loaded program years
34 providers listed 54 records General Payments
General Payments to practitioners — all loaded program years
- Category: General Payments
- Program years: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025
- Record count: 54
- Providers listed: 34
Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
Coverage: program years 2019–2025, General Payments only, reported to physicians and non-physician practitioners. Payments to teaching hospitals are not included in these practitioner figures. Each figure is labeled with its category and program year; categories are never combined.
Practitioner payments by program year
| Program year | Reported | Records | Providers | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PY2019 | $10,690.66 | 19 | 11 | This company in PY2019 → |
| PY2020 | $4,484.05 | 8 | 5 | This company in PY2020 → |
| PY2021 | $2,525.28 | 4 | 3 | This company in PY2021 → |
| PY2022 | $135.74 | 1 | 1 | This company in PY2022 → |
| PY2023 | $40,457.70 | 9 | 8 | This company in PY2023 → |
| PY2024 | $439.53 | 4 | 3 | This company in PY2024 → |
| PY2025 | $28,800.75 | 9 | 6 | This company in PY2025 → |
By recipient specialty (20)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians 16 specialties 29 providers
- Dermatology 1
- Emergency Medicine 1
- Family Medicine 1
- Internal Medicine 2
- Internal Medicine · Hematology & Oncology 2
- Internal Medicine · Medical Oncology 3
- Medical Genetics · Clinical Genetics (M.D.) 1
- Obstetrics & Gynecology 1
- Obstetrics & Gynecology · Maternal & Fetal Medicine 2
- Pathology · Anatomic Pathology 1
- Pathology · Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology 8
- Pathology · Clinical Pathology 2
- Pathology · Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine 1
- Pediatrics 1
- Pediatrics · Pediatric Hematology-Oncology 1
- Psychiatry & Neurology · Psychiatry 1
Dental Providers 1 specialty 1 providers
Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers 3 specialties 3 providers
Providers listed (34)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
| Provider | Specialty | State | Records reported by this company |
|---|---|---|---|
| ANNA JEANNE CIBO | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner | NV | 1 |
| APRIL COLLEEN MYRES | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | NV | 2 |
| ARTURO E MENDOZA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology | CA | 2 |
| CAROLYN C HOPPE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pediatrics|Pediatric Hematology-Oncology | CA | 2 |
| CHRISTOPHER SIMON HOURIGAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Medical Oncology | MD | 1 |
| DAIMON P SIMMONS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Clinical Pathology | MA | 1 |
| DAVID POLSKY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Dermatology | NY | 5 |
| DEBORAH AUGUST | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology | CT | 1 |
| ELIZABETH J MOSCHIANO | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology | CA | 1 |
| EVAN Z MACOSKO | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Psychiatry & Neurology|Psychiatry | MA | 1 |
| GLENN J HANNA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Hematology & Oncology | MA | 1 |
| HANLEE P JI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Hematology & Oncology | CA | 1 |
| HOWARD I SCHER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Medical Oncology | NY | 1 |
| JERALD P RADICH | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine|Medical Oncology | WA | 2 |
| JESSICA B BANE | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Anesthetist, Certified Registered | GA | 1 |
| JOHN T CROSSON | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology | MN | 1 |
| JUSTIN B DALTON | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology | VA | 1 |
| KENNETH PORTER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pediatrics | IL | 1 |
| LARISSA S MAY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Emergency Medicine | DC | 3 |
| MARGUERITE M BRACKLEY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | MA | 2 |
| MARTIN RAMSES CHAVEZ | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Obstetrics & Gynecology|Maternal & Fetal Medicine | NY | 1 |
| MICHAEL A BACHMAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Clinical Pathology | MI | 1 |
| MICHAEL ATCHLEY | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | TN | 1 |
| MICHAEL DOODY | — | TN | 4 |
| MICHELLE L ERICKSON | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology | PA | 1 |
| MOHAMMAD Q ANSARI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology | TX | 1 |
| MOON H NAHM | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Anatomic Pathology | AL | 1 |
| RONALD J WAPNER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Medical Genetics|Clinical Genetics (M.D.) | NY | 1 |
| RUCKER S MURRY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Family Medicine | TX | 3 |
| SABA SIDDIQUI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Internal Medicine | IL | 1 |
| THOMAS WESTOVER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Obstetrics & Gynecology|Maternal & Fetal Medicine | NJ | 1 |
| TINA ZIAINIA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Obstetrics & Gynecology | CA | 1 |
| TODD MITSUGI NISHIMOTO | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology | HI | 2 |
| WILLIAM ERNEST WINTER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pathology|Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine | FL | 4 |