IndustryPayments
Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

MATTHEW RYAN GOSSAGE

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Radiology Vascular & Interventional Radiology

NPI
1750540654
CMS profile
79190
Location
GREENVILLE, SC

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$9,194.42

  • Reported across 353 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$3,930.52

168 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

Related groups: Vascular & Interventional Radiology SC All categories

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $3,399.63 166
Travel and Lodging $530.89 2

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
Inari Medical, Inc. $1,936.99 94
Delcath Systems $601.50 5
Surefire Medical, Inc. $560.64 25
Balt USA, LLC $265.82 16
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION $123.74 2
Cook Medical LLC $114.95 8
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. $87.37 5
Terumo Medical Corporation $47.84 2
Penumbra, Inc. $40.37 2
BARD PERIPHERAL VASCULAR, INC. $38.09 2
Abbott Laboratories $32.10 2
ShockWave Medical, Inc $20.20 1
Sirtex Medical Inc $17.27 1
ARGON MEDICAL DEVICES, INC. $16.24 1
CORDIS US CORP. $14.14 1
Teleflex LLC $13.26 1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $622.24 15
PY2019 $280.98 13
PY2020 $401.46 13
PY2021 $424.70 17
PY2022 $1,281.48 40
PY2023 $2,253.04 87
PY2024 $3,930.52 168

Payment records · PY2024 (168)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
Abbott Laboratories $14.27 04/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125242902 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $17.83 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125242906 CMS
ARGON MEDICAL DEVICES, INC. $16.24 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154848338 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $18.82 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154345183 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $20.87 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154345363 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $21.86 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154345499 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $22.03 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154345517 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $22.03 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154345523 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $10.21 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154344781 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $13.52 06/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154344871 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $20.89 08/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154345371 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $5.69 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154344729 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $22.03 09/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154345529 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $17.34 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154345083 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $12.73 10/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154344833 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $18.82 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154345191 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $12.13 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154344821 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $13.51 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154344863 CMS
Balt USA, LLC $13.34 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154344847 CMS
Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc. $15.19 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128473177 CMS
Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc. $22.90 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128473201 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $106.72 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092383340 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $17.02 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092383338 CMS
Cook Medical LLC $15.05 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118325268 CMS
Cook Medical LLC $17.22 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118328580 CMS
Cook Medical LLC $1.90 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118333743 CMS
Cook Medical LLC $17.22 03/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118330090 CMS
Cook Medical LLC $16.20 04/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118336875 CMS
Cook Medical LLC $15.78 05/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118333839 CMS
Cook Medical LLC $15.77 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118332261 CMS
Cook Medical LLC $15.81 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118326875 CMS
CORDIS US CORP. $14.14 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145404751 CMS
Delcath Systems $48.72 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130859908 CMS
Delcath Systems $11.93 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130859306 CMS
Delcath Systems $207.95 11/08/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130859302 CMS
Delcath Systems $9.96 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130859606 CMS
Delcath Systems $322.94 11/08/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1130859906 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $3.50 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099197 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $3.55 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099200 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $46.96 01/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099204 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $23.61 01/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099208 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $7.55 01/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099212 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $1.23 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099215 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $3.34 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099219 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $24.99 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099223 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $126.67 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099227 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $2.88 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099231 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $16.80 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099234 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $3.56 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099238 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $29.57 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099242 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $15.34 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099246 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $10.61 02/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099249 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $12.59 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099253 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $5.21 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099257 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $8.32 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099261 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $1.09 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099265 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $64.23 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099268 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $0.98 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099272 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $2.25 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099276 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $8.32 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099280 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $18.12 03/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099284 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $20.87 03/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099287 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $1.69 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099291 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $2.95 03/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099295 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $7.68 03/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099299 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $70.30 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099303 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $2.02 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099307 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $18.34 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099310 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $2.67 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099314 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $69.37 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099318 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $148.08 04/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099321 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $0.92 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099325 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $8.10 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099329 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $5.72 04/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099333 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $13.84 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099336 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $2.45 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099340 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $2.78 05/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099344 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $58.60 05/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099347 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $77.15 05/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099351 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $0.63 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099355 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $28.02 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099359 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $1.38 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099362 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $13.87 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099366 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $34.59 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099369 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $26.16 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099373 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $24.38 06/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099377 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $0.20 07/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099381 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $16.80 07/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099385 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $16.54 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099389 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $17.53 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099393 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $0.67 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099397 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $11.99 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099400 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $29.25 07/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099404 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $10.34 07/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099408 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $19.37 07/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099412 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $55.32 07/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099415 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $12.77 07/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099419 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $32.64 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099423 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $45.70 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099427 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $0.71 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099431 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $103.67 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099434 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $2.08 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099438 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $1.92 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099442 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $0.76 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099445 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $13.99 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099449 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $20.22 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099453 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $7.21 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099457 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $20.44 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099461 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $6.10 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099465 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $76.20 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099468 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $21.09 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099472 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $23.83 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099476 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $21.88 10/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099480 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $5.90 10/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099484 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $3.56 10/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099487 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $14.86 11/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099491 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $6.65 11/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099495 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $59.34 11/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099499 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $12.30 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099503 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $1.27 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099507 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $2.01 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099510 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $1.38 11/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099514 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $17.45 11/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099518 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $19.29 11/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099522 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $4.32 11/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099526 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $16.32 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099529 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $70.90 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099533 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $9.97 12/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099537 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $6.17 12/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099541 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $10.19 12/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099544 CMS
Inari Medical, Inc. $2.06 12/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1140099548 CMS
Penumbra, Inc. $17.13 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1076220342 CMS
Penumbra, Inc. $23.24 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1076220344 CMS
ShockWave Medical, Inc $20.20 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1152970057 CMS
Sirtex Medical Inc $17.27 12/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146587580 CMS
Teleflex LLC $13.26 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142078634 CMS
Terumo Medical Corporation $23.07 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151763171 CMS
Terumo Medical Corporation $24.77 12/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151763173 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $23.51 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556824 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $10.60 01/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556826 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $19.10 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556828 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $20.33 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556830 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $15.64 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556832 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $129.03 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556834 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $19.84 04/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556836 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $11.91 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556838 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $9.91 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556840 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $20.56 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556842 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $12.83 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556844 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $4.25 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556846 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $13.83 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556848 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $3.86 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556850 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $14.91 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556852 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $3.66 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556854 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $16.14 09/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556856 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $19.87 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556858 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $63.57 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556860 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $24.78 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556862 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $14.63 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556864 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $26.12 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556866 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $28.73 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556868 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $28.07 12/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556870 CMS
TriSalus Life Sciences, Inc. $4.96 12/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128556872 CMS
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. $17.00 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148066232 CMS
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. $14.73 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148066244 CMS
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. $17.00 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148066286 CMS
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. $16.85 08/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148066325 CMS
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. $21.79 12/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148066431 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.