Covered recipient · General Payments record

ANISH AMIN

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Internal Medicine Interventional Cardiology

NPI: 1659500601
CMS profile: 1263956
Location: ELMHURST, IL

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$22,190.47

Reported across 507 records
CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$9,172.30

152 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated

The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of payment	Amount	Records
Food and Beverage	$3,463.27	130
Travel and Lodging	$3,209.03	20
Consulting Fee	$2,500.00	2

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Paying entity	Amount	Records
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION	$4,332.23	22
Medtronic, Inc.	$2,660.31	36
ABIOMED	$534.14	10
Amgen Inc.	$234.50	13
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION	$231.73	14
Abbott Laboratories	$196.83	9
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$184.61	14
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	$112.78	6
Novo Nordisk AS	$110.23	5
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$69.66	2
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, plc	$61.27	2
CARDIVA MEDICAL, INC.	$60.20	2
ASAHI INTECC USA, INC.	$52.34	1
PFIZER INC.	$51.11	2
Acerta Pharma LLC	$47.37	3
Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$35.94	2
Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc.	$28.38	1
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.	$27.28	1
ACIST MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.	$23.26	1
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc	$21.49	1
Imperative Care, INc	$21.18	1
Kestra Medical Technology Services, Inc.	$20.70	1
AngioDynamics, Inc.	$19.42	1
Inari Medical, Inc.	$18.37	1
TACTILE SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY INC	$16.97	1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program year	Amount	Records
PY2018	$2,576.50	71
PY2019	$2,007.83	62
PY2020	$427.02	20
PY2021	$939.48	29
PY2022	$3,924.47	75
PY2023	$3,142.87	98
PY2024	$9,172.30	152

Payment records · PY2024 (152)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.

Paying entity	Amount	Date	Nature of payment	Dispute status	Published	Record ID	Source
Abbott Laboratories	$12.60	02/12/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1125174956	CMS
Abbott Laboratories	$13.02	04/22/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1125174958	CMS
Abbott Laboratories	$21.10	06/04/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1125174960	CMS
Abbott Laboratories	$80.06	06/18/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1125174962	CMS
Abbott Laboratories	$17.10	07/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1125174964	CMS
Abbott Laboratories	$19.07	07/30/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1125174970	CMS
Abbott Laboratories	$14.83	09/13/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1125174968	CMS
Abbott Laboratories	$7.08	09/13/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1125174972	CMS
Abbott Laboratories	$11.97	11/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1125174966	CMS
ABIOMED	$148.12	03/13/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1142215047	CMS
ABIOMED	$9.63	05/22/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1142215083	CMS
ABIOMED	$138.51	06/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1142215087	CMS
ABIOMED	$23.83	07/01/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1142215085	CMS
ABIOMED	$23.03	07/18/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1142215089	CMS
ABIOMED	$27.86	08/01/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1142215103	CMS
ABIOMED	$30.17	09/13/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1142215105	CMS
ABIOMED	$30.50	11/03/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1142215125	CMS
ABIOMED	$6.51	11/04/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1142215127	CMS
ABIOMED	$95.98	11/12/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1142215159	CMS
Acist Medical Systems, Inc.	$23.26	07/23/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1123313124	CMS
Actelion Pharmaceuticals US, Inc.	$28.38	04/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1078885859	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$18.00	01/22/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516397	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$9.22	03/11/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516399	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$2.38	03/11/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516403	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$21.69	03/25/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516401	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$23.87	06/12/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516405	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$14.05	06/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1117494182	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$19.68	06/25/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516407	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$21.42	07/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516409	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$19.51	08/06/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516411	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$14.79	09/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516413	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$24.10	10/23/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516415	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$18.40	11/20/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516417	CMS
Amgen Inc.	$27.39	12/17/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1111516419	CMS
AngioDynamics, Inc.	$19.42	07/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1095065286	CMS
ASAHI INTECC USA, INC.	$52.34	01/16/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1132945232	CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP	$19.11	01/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1104757578	CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP	$13.19	03/13/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1104702431	CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP	$15.07	05/13/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1104463810	CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$32.08	03/12/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1118099026	CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$37.58	12/11/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1118099028	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$4.18	02/14/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551377	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$5.30	02/14/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551385	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$5.50	02/14/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551389	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$100.00	03/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551401	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$29.32	04/24/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551397	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$53.95	06/07/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551399	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$4.44	06/27/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551381	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$5.39	06/27/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551387	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$240.86	08/07/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551407	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$234.52	08/19/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551405	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$625.11	08/19/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551413	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$227.37	08/20/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551403	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$240.86	08/20/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551409	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$3.87	08/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551375	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$5.60	08/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551391	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$625.00	09/19/2024	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551411	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$1,875.00	09/19/2024	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551415	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$4.30	10/04/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551379	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$4.85	10/04/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551383	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$3.57	10/28/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551373	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$5.73	10/28/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551393	CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation	$27.51	12/16/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1092551395	CMS
CARDIVA MEDICAL, INC.	$45.99	09/27/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143852270	CMS
CARDIVA MEDICAL, INC.	$14.21	11/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1143852272	CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	$13.37	01/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1101431185	CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	$18.09	02/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1101431187	CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	$20.83	03/27/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1101431195	CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	$20.88	05/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1101431207	CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	$20.20	06/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1101431223	CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.	$19.41	09/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1101431249	CMS
Imperative Care, Inc	$21.18	09/03/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1144201660	CMS
Inari Medical, Inc.	$18.37	10/04/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1140057774	CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc	$21.49	08/07/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1078007162	CMS
Kestra Medical Technology Services, Inc.	$20.70	03/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1152384312	CMS
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, plc	$31.20	05/06/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1154871977	CMS
Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals International, plc	$30.07	09/04/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1154872049	CMS
Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$16.95	04/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1081734131	CMS
Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	$18.99	06/17/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1081734133	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$25.50	03/20/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420187	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$293.00	03/22/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420179	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$3.57	03/22/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420181	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$42.08	03/22/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420183	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$23.21	03/22/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420185	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$43.82	03/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420171	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$24.27	03/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420173	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$6.66	03/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420175	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$22.28	03/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420177	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$179.00	03/29/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420167	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$21.61	03/29/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420169	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$71.37	10/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420189	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$73.33	10/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420191	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$44.71	11/07/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420199	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$16.18	11/07/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420201	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$145.63	11/07/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420203	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$319.00	11/08/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420195	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$41.47	11/08/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420197	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$29.42	11/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420205	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$41.04	11/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420207	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$24.00	11/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420209	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$59.12	11/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420211	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$71.32	11/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420213	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$34.94	11/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420215	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$418.94	11/14/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420193	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$162.28	11/22/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420217	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$209.00	12/16/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420219	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$54.26	12/16/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420221	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$29.87	12/17/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420223	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$34.49	12/17/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420231	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$23.20	12/17/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420233	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$40.30	12/18/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420235	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$21.77	12/18/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420237	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$1.70	12/19/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420225	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$6.33	12/20/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420227	CMS
Medtronic, Inc.	$1.64	12/20/2024	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1119420229	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$15.96	01/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625873	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$0.35	01/30/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625875	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$31.75	01/30/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625877	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$28.41	03/05/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625881	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$13.83	05/01/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625885	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$19.78	05/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625889	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$20.32	06/18/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625887	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$33.38	08/26/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625891	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$4.95	09/18/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625895	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$16.36	09/18/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625897	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$20.99	10/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625899	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$3.43	10/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625893	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$10.40	11/06/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625901	CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation	$11.82	11/06/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1086625903	CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc	$21.83	02/23/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1097383589	CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc	$16.38	03/04/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1096796240	CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc	$24.87	06/07/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1096892569	CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc	$24.22	08/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1097085551	CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc	$22.93	10/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1097742096	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$26.76	04/01/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131353694	CMS
PFIZER INC.	$24.35	09/17/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1131924954	CMS
Tactile Systems Technology Inc	$16.97	11/14/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1082357259	CMS
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.	$27.28	05/10/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1148089405	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$24.68	01/23/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565299	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$6.83	02/20/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565301	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$5.28	03/15/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565303	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$24.54	03/19/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565305	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$12.90	05/01/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565307	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$5.30	05/08/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565309	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$24.44	05/28/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565311	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$10.70	05/31/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565315	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$5.62	06/07/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565317	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$6.17	06/21/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565319	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$19.40	06/24/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565321	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$5.61	08/09/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565327	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$15.77	08/29/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565329	CMS
ZOLL Services LLC (A/K/A ZOLL LifeCor Corp)	$17.37	11/05/2024	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	01/23/2026	1080565335	CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset: CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date: 2026-01-23
Program years on this page: 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files: Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from: OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.