NAMATH HUSSAIN

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery LOMA LINDA, CA NPI 1285845404

General Payments — all program years on this page

$87,064.06

  • Category: General Payments
  • Program years: PY2018–2024
  • Record count: 550
  • As of (CMS publication): 2026-01-23

Latest program year (PY2024): $26,841.52 across 170 records · disputed records: 0

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How this figure is calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

Latest program year (PY2024) · sorted by reported total.

By paying entity

Latest program year (PY2024) · sorted by reported total.

By program year

Program yearAmountRecords
2018 $7,447.4959
2019 $4,533.5958
2020 $1,930.8233
2021 $4,420.0835
2022 $9,769.7362
2023 $32,120.83133
2024 $26,841.52170

Records — PY2024 (170)

Record IDPaying entityAmountDate Nature of paymentDispute statusPublishedSource
1067669480 Choice Spine, LLC $46.27 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1069136254 Boston Scientific Corporation $46.87 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1077624218 Ethicon US, LLC $14.47 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1077753490 Medical Device Business Services, Inc. $13.18 11/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1077753542 Medical Device Business Services, Inc. $32.46 11/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1077753555 Medical Device Business Services, Inc. $21.25 11/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716252 Boston Scientific Corporation $3.37 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716254 Boston Scientific Corporation $5.66 08/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716256 Boston Scientific Corporation $7.09 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716258 Boston Scientific Corporation $7.82 06/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716260 Boston Scientific Corporation $7.86 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716262 Boston Scientific Corporation $8.36 09/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716264 Boston Scientific Corporation $9.13 04/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716266 Boston Scientific Corporation $9.38 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716268 Boston Scientific Corporation $10.48 12/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716270 Boston Scientific Corporation $11.27 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716272 Boston Scientific Corporation $11.29 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716274 Boston Scientific Corporation $12.23 06/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716276 Boston Scientific Corporation $12.70 08/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716278 Boston Scientific Corporation $13.03 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716280 Boston Scientific Corporation $13.62 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716282 Boston Scientific Corporation $14.36 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716284 Boston Scientific Corporation $14.96 04/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716286 Boston Scientific Corporation $15.60 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716288 Boston Scientific Corporation $16.53 05/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716290 Boston Scientific Corporation $17.35 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716292 Boston Scientific Corporation $17.67 08/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716294 Boston Scientific Corporation $18.69 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716296 Boston Scientific Corporation $19.31 07/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716298 Boston Scientific Corporation $19.90 05/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716300 Boston Scientific Corporation $22.37 03/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716302 Boston Scientific Corporation $22.96 08/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716304 Boston Scientific Corporation $800.00 05/31/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716306 Boston Scientific Corporation $800.00 07/25/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716308 Boston Scientific Corporation $1,200.00 04/05/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716310 Boston Scientific Corporation $1,600.00 05/31/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716312 Boston Scientific Corporation $1,600.00 07/25/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716314 Boston Scientific Corporation $23.00 06/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716316 Boston Scientific Corporation $23.10 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716318 Boston Scientific Corporation $24.12 11/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716320 Boston Scientific Corporation $24.36 06/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716322 Boston Scientific Corporation $28.27 04/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716324 Boston Scientific Corporation $31.26 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716326 Boston Scientific Corporation $33.54 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716328 Boston Scientific Corporation $33.80 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716330 Boston Scientific Corporation $34.17 11/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716332 Boston Scientific Corporation $35.95 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716334 Boston Scientific Corporation $39.71 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716336 Boston Scientific Corporation $42.93 09/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716338 Boston Scientific Corporation $45.13 01/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716340 Boston Scientific Corporation $50.89 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716342 Boston Scientific Corporation $53.61 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716344 Boston Scientific Corporation $58.46 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716346 Boston Scientific Corporation $59.27 10/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716348 Boston Scientific Corporation $96.84 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716350 Boston Scientific Corporation $105.48 05/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716352 Boston Scientific Corporation $115.10 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716354 Boston Scientific Corporation $123.42 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716356 Boston Scientific Corporation $126.67 09/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716358 Boston Scientific Corporation $126.79 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716360 Boston Scientific Corporation $155.09 05/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716362 Boston Scientific Corporation $157.77 07/26/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716364 Boston Scientific Corporation $168.39 07/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716366 Boston Scientific Corporation $169.13 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1092716368 Boston Scientific Corporation $421.58 07/26/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1093674912 Saluda Medical Americas, Inc. $185.73 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1095491832 Alphatec Spine, Inc $17.90 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1095491834 Alphatec Spine, Inc $18.04 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1095491904 Alphatec Spine, Inc $157.41 10/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1095491906 Alphatec Spine, Inc $51.27 12/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1104786814 LENOSS MEDICAL INC $28.16 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1104952811 SPR Therapeutics, Inc $65.93 02/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1112041474 Medtronic, Inc. $5,700.00 03/27/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1112060498 Medtronic, Inc. $50.00 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1112060500 Medtronic, Inc. $25.00 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1112060502 Medtronic, Inc. $50.00 06/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1112060504 Medtronic, Inc. $66.80 06/01/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145596 Medtronic, Inc. $44.85 01/24/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145598 Medtronic, Inc. $280.54 01/24/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145600 Medtronic, Inc. $167.61 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145602 Medtronic, Inc. $10.71 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145604 Medtronic, Inc. $300.26 03/23/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145606 Medtronic, Inc. $291.76 03/23/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145608 Medtronic, Inc. $13.82 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145610 Medtronic, Inc. $37.48 03/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145612 Medtronic, Inc. $163.39 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145614 Medtronic, Inc. $20.77 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145616 Medtronic, Inc. $357.18 05/21/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145618 Medtronic, Inc. $65.00 05/21/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145620 Medtronic, Inc. $43.57 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145622 Medtronic, Inc. $21.26 06/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145624 Medtronic, Inc. $295.00 05/31/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145626 Medtronic, Inc. $37.09 05/31/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145628 Medtronic, Inc. $182.44 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145630 Medtronic, Inc. $2.28 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145632 Medtronic, Inc. $53.73 06/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145634 Medtronic, Inc. $21.09 06/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145636 Medtronic, Inc. $63.67 06/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145638 Medtronic, Inc. $26.06 06/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145640 Medtronic, Inc. $9.47 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145642 Medtronic, Inc. $27.74 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145644 Medtronic, Inc. $28.24 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145646 Medtronic, Inc. $29.12 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145648 Medtronic, Inc. $32.00 06/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145650 Medtronic, Inc. $214.42 08/22/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145652 Medtronic, Inc. $255.05 08/22/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145654 Medtronic, Inc. $44.85 08/22/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145656 Medtronic, Inc. $34.25 08/22/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145658 Medtronic, Inc. $224.22 09/05/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145660 Medtronic, Inc. $34.25 09/05/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145662 Medtronic, Inc. $29.29 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1117145664 Medtronic, Inc. $140.66 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1120051832 SI-BONE, INC. $16.94 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1120056346 SI-BONE, INC. $90.12 01/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1120061263 SI-BONE, INC. $1.55 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1120070906 SI-BONE, INC. $153.70 11/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1124959894 Abbott Laboratories $23.00 04/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1124959898 Abbott Laboratories $149.97 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1124959902 Abbott Laboratories $12.39 08/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1124959905 Abbott Laboratories $28.52 09/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1124959909 Abbott Laboratories $9.77 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1124959913 Abbott Laboratories $13.20 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1124959917 Abbott Laboratories $47.50 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1124959921 Abbott Laboratories $45.90 12/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1127605778 Orthofix Medical, Inc. $741.54 11/24/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1127605780 Orthofix Medical, Inc. $60.00 11/24/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1127605788 Orthofix Medical, Inc. $60.41 11/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1127605794 Orthofix Medical, Inc. $65.91 11/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1127605800 Orthofix Medical, Inc. $43.37 11/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1127605806 Orthofix Medical, Inc. $76.89 11/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1127845077 Amplify Surgical, Inc. $1,000.00 09/25/2024 Consulting Fee Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1130738066 Nevro Corp. $23.20 04/21/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1130738068 Nevro Corp. $32.53 04/20/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1130738070 Nevro Corp. $0.51 04/27/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1130738072 Nevro Corp. $0.14 04/19/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1130738074 Nevro Corp. $5.28 04/22/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1130738184 Nevro Corp. $36.65 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1130738186 Nevro Corp. $91.37 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1130738206 Nevro Corp. $35.75 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1130738208 Nevro Corp. $2.78 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1134594471 Abbott Laboratories $171.33 10/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1140121098 Integra LifeSciences Corporation $35.68 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1140977807 Zavation Medical Products, LLC $79.76 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1145005411 Globus Medical, Inc. $167.54 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1145005469 Globus Medical, Inc. $27.50 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326793 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $17.93 03/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326795 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $238.82 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326797 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $18.71 06/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326799 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $243.77 09/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326801 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $224.45 09/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326803 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $25.13 09/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326805 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $25.00 05/01/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326807 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $25.00 05/01/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326809 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $508.97 05/02/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326811 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $427.47 05/02/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326813 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $114.00 06/05/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326815 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $836.08 06/14/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326817 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $3.62 06/15/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151326819 Integrity Implants Inc. dba Accelus $24.00 06/15/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151423725 icotec Medical Inc. $59.16 07/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151423727 icotec Medical Inc. $71.50 07/05/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151423729 icotec Medical Inc. $183.77 07/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151423731 icotec Medical Inc. $312.56 07/05/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151423733 icotec Medical Inc. $95.00 07/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151423735 icotec Medical Inc. $33.33 07/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1151423737 icotec Medical Inc. $152.35 08/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1152112597 GS Solutions, Inc. $192.35 08/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1152112619 GS Solutions, Inc. $533.16 08/17/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1153861885 BIOTRONIK NRO, Inc. $144.81 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS
1154288314 Aesculap, Inc. $35.20 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 View at CMS

Provenance & corrections

  • Dataset: CMS Open Payments — General Payments
  • Source: CMS Open Payments dataset (bulk file)
  • Publisher of source data: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
  • Generated from: OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.