SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION
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Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments
These records are submitted to CMS and attested to by the reporting companies. CMS publishes them as reported; this site mirrors them without independent verification.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
CMS updates this data on an annual cycle, and corrections or successful disputes made at CMS may not yet appear here. The official CMS record is authoritative for the current state.
Payment records · PY2019
Date, newest first, then reporting company; values as published by CMS.
General Payments · PY2019 · All recipient types · CMS publication 2026-06-30
2,213 matching records · $2,670,018.54 reported total · 0 disputed
Nature of payment: All payment types
Records imported here (UTC).
CSV includes CMS record IDs, source and publication dates, the data edition, and a link to these filters. Formula-like text cells are prefixed with an apostrophe for spreadsheet safety.
Showing records 1–50 of 2,213.
| Recipient | Paying entity | Amount | Date | Nature of payment | Dispute status | Publication flags | Published | Record ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALI CHAHLAVI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $48.95 | 12/30/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413295 | CMS |
| ALI CHAHLAVI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $58.43 | 12/30/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413303 | CMS |
| ROJEH MELIKIAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $4.89 | 12/30/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679414751 | CMS |
| LONNIE E LOUTZENHISER Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $5.11 | 12/27/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679415325 | CMS |
| LONNIE E LOUTZENHISER Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $5.13 | 12/27/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679415329 | CMS |
| LONNIE E LOUTZENHISER Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $27.80 | 12/27/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679415625 | CMS |
| NEIL A TAYYAB Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $5.11 | 12/27/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679422341 | CMS |
| ROBERT L BRADY Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $22.67 | 12/21/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679416263 | CMS |
| MATTHEW R GERLACH Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $154.01 | 12/20/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679411683 | CMS |
| KEITH MICHAEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $725.60 | 12/20/2019 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679415149 | CMS |
| DANTE M LEVEN Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $999.70 | 12/19/2019 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679412123 | CMS |
| JOHN I WILLIAMS Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $342.20 | 12/19/2019 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679412709 | CMS |
| ASHUTOSH A PRADHAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $1,196.00 | 12/19/2019 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679420727 | CMS |
| CHONG C LEE Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $150.19 | 12/18/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679414377 | CMS |
| VISHAL CHUNILAL GALA Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $150.19 | 12/18/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679414525 | CMS |
| JASON CHANG Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $150.19 | 12/18/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679417227 | CMS |
| JUSTIN ESTERBERG Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $26.25 | 12/18/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679418363 | CMS |
| MUWAFFAK ABDULHAK Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $3,000.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679410379 | CMS |
| MUWAFFAK ABDULHAK Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $8,250.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679410381 | CMS |
| MUWAFFAK ABDULHAK Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $3,000.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679410431 | CMS |
| DANIEL K FAHIM Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $2,500.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679412901 | CMS |
| DANIEL K FAHIM Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $2,750.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679412905 | CMS |
| DANIEL K FAHIM Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $375.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679412909 | CMS |
| JESSICA L SHELLOCK Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $1,000.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679414113 | CMS |
| JESSICA L SHELLOCK Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $3,000.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679414117 | CMS |
| JESSICA L SHELLOCK Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $5,500.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679414119 | CMS |
| PAWEL PATRYK JANKOWSKI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $1,000.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679414151 | CMS |
| PAWEL PATRYK JANKOWSKI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $4,000.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679414155 | CMS |
| PAWEL PATRYK JANKOWSKI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $500.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679414160 | CMS |
| KEVIN RAYMOND O NEILL Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $1,000.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679414663 | CMS |
| GURVINDER S DEOL Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $1,383.63 | 12/17/2019 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679416861 | CMS |
| KENT M GREWE Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $100.06 | 12/17/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679417459 | CMS |
| L ERIK WESTERLUND Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $2,125.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679420347 | CMS |
| L ERIK WESTERLUND Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $4,000.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679420349 | CMS |
| L ERIK WESTERLUND Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $750.00 | 12/17/2019 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679420351 | CMS |
| KENT M GREWE Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $11.77 | 12/16/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679417457 | CMS |
| ALI CHAHLAVI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $91.00 | 12/15/2019 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413493 | CMS |
| ALI CHAHLAVI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $530.16 | 12/15/2019 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413511 | CMS |
| DANTE M LEVEN Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $6.58 | 12/14/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679412121 | CMS |
| DANTE M LEVEN Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $6.58 | 12/14/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679412289 | CMS |
| ALI CHAHLAVI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $2.83 | 12/14/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413479 | CMS |
| ALI CHAHLAVI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $11.44 | 12/14/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413483 | CMS |
| ALI CHAHLAVI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $34.49 | 12/14/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413489 | CMS |
| ALI CHAHLAVI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $97.00 | 12/14/2019 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413499 | CMS |
| ALI CHAHLAVI Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $126.10 | 12/14/2019 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413507 | CMS |
| NILESH M PATEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $2.83 | 12/14/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413552 | CMS |
| NILESH M PATEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $11.44 | 12/14/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413557 | CMS |
| NILESH M PATEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $34.49 | 12/14/2019 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413566 | CMS |
| NILESH M PATEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $88.72 | 12/14/2019 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413570 | CMS |
| NILESH M PATEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | SEASPINE ORTHOPEDICS CORPORATION | $126.10 | 12/14/2019 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 679413573 | CMS |
Practitioner overview · all loaded program years
916 providers listed 9,186 records General Payments
General Payments to practitioners — all loaded program years
- Category: General Payments
- Program years: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
- Record count: 9,186
- Providers listed: 916
Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
Coverage: program years 2019–2025, General Payments only, reported to physicians and non-physician practitioners. Payments to teaching hospitals are not included in these practitioner figures. Each figure is labeled with its category and program year; categories are never combined.
Practitioner payments by program year
| Program year | Reported | Records | Providers | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PY2019 | $2,670,018.54 | 2,213 | 353 | This company in PY2019 → |
| PY2020 | $2,575,398.00 | 1,701 | 241 | This company in PY2020 → |
| PY2021 | $2,671,269.27 | 2,339 | 374 | This company in PY2021 → |
| PY2022 | $3,912,705.78 | 2,933 | 446 | This company in PY2022 → |
By recipient specialty (40)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians 27 specialties 851 providers
- Emergency Medicine 1
- Family Medicine 1
- Family Medicine · Sports Medicine 1
- Hospitalist 1
- Internal Medicine 4
- Internal Medicine · Pulmonary Disease 2
- Internal Medicine · Rheumatology 1
- Neurological Surgery 288
- Neuromusculoskeletal Medicine & OMM 1
- Obstetrics & Gynecology · Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery 1
- Orthopaedic Surgery 215
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Adult Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery 4
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Foot and Ankle Surgery 3
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Hand Surgery 3
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine 284
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Orthopaedic Trauma 2
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery 16
- Orthopaedic Surgery · Sports Medicine 1
- Pain Medicine · Pain Medicine 1
- Pediatrics · Pediatric Infectious Diseases 1
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · Pain Medicine 1
- Psychiatry & Neurology · Neurology 4
- Radiology · Diagnostic Radiology 2
- Surgery 8
- Surgery · Surgery of the Hand 1
- Surgery · Vascular Surgery 2
- Thoracic Surgery (Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery) 2
Chiropractic Providers 1 specialty 1 providers
Dental Providers 2 specialties 2 providers
Eye and Vision Services Providers 1 specialty 1 providers
Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers 7 specialties 35 providers
Podiatric Medicine & Surgery Service Providers 2 specialties 20 providers
Providers listed (916)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
| Provider | Specialty | State | Records reported by this company |
|---|---|---|---|
| AARON BUCKLAND | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | NY | 5 |
| AARON J GREENBERG | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | NJ | 10 |
| AARON JOHN CLARK | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | CA | 1 |
| AARON SHAW | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pediatrics|Pediatric Infectious Diseases | CA | 1 |
| ABDI ALEX MOHIT | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | OH | 53 |
| ABHINEET CHOWDHARY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | AZ | 15 |
| ABHISHEK KUMAR | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | NJ | 1 |
| ABID QURESHI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | CA | 25 |
| ABILIO ANTUNES REIS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | VA | 2 |
| ABIOLA ATANDA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | CT | 1 |
| ADAM C CROWL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | VA | 3 |
| ADAM I LEWIS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | TX | 6 |
| ADAM J BAKER | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Physician Assistant | CA | 1 |
| ADAM M GREEN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | MN | 1 |
| ADEDAYO O ASHANA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | NC | 11 |
| AFSHIN AMINIAN | — | CA | 1 |
| AHMED KHAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | CT | 5 |
| AHMER K GHORI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | IN | 24 |
| AJEYA P JOSHI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | TX | 1 |
| ALAN BAO-CHAN DANG | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | CA | 1 |
| ALAN DANIELS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | RI | 1 |
| ALAN J RECHTER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | TX | 1 |
| ALBERT J FENOY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | TX | 12 |
| ALBERT SUNGHA LEE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | FL | 1 |
| ALBERT WONG | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | CA | 32 |
| ALEJANDRO DANIEL CASTELLVI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | PA | 1 |
| ALEX CRUZ | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | TX | 5 |
| ALEXANDER ANTONIOS THEOLOGIS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | CA | 4 |
| ALEXANDER K POWERS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | NC | 1 |
| ALEXANDER TAE-SHIK CHANG | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Surgery | CA | 14 |
| ALEXIOS APAZIDIS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | NY | 1 |
| ALFONSO MAXIMO FUENTES PINILLOS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | TX | 1 |
| ALI BAGHERI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Hospitalist | TX | 1 |
| ALI BAGHERI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | CA | 18 |
| ALI CHAHLAVI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | FL | 132 |
| ALI H MESIWALA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | CA | 2 |
| ALI HAZAMA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | NY | 9 |
| ALI MORTAZAVI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | GA | 2 |
| ALI ZAREZADEH | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | FL | 3 |
| ALIREZA K ANISSIPOUR | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | WA | 2 |
| ALISON DAWN TRAFFANSTEDT YOUNG | Podiatric Medicine & Surgery Service Providers|Podiatrist | IL | 1 |
| ALLAN D LEVI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | FL | 1 |
| ALLAN HELLER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | WA | 35 |
| ALPESH A PATEL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | IL | 1 |
| AMANDEEP BHALLA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | CA | 49 |
| AMIEL BETHEL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | PA | 1 |
| AMIR A VOKSHOOR | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | CA | 1 |
| AMIR D TAHERNIA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | CA | 16 |
| AMIT GOYAL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | CA | 6 |
| AMIT WASUDEO BHANDARKAR | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | MO | 1 |