Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc.
Saved only in this browser. No account or alerts.
Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments
These records are submitted to CMS and attested to by the reporting companies. CMS publishes them as reported; this site mirrors them without independent verification.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
CMS updates this data on an annual cycle, and corrections or successful disputes made at CMS may not yet appear here. The official CMS record is authoritative for the current state.
Page 1 of 21; records 1–50 of 1041 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. Use the CSV download for all matching records.
IndustryPayments · General Payments
Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc.
CMS reporting company ID 100000010562
General Payments, PY2024; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types
Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00
Page 1 of 21; records 1–50 of 1041 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export.
Filtered page: https://industrypayments.org/company/100000010562?year=2024&recipient=all#records-h
CMS source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/e6b17c6a-2534-4207-a4a1-6746a14911ff
Cite these filtered records
The citation includes this program year, filters, data edition, and page of results.
- Plain
- Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc., CMS reporting company ID 100000010562. General Payments, PY2024; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types. Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00. Page 1 of 21; records 1–50 of 1041 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. IndustryPayments. https://industrypayments.org/company/100000010562?year=2024&recipient=all#records-h. Source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/e6b17c6a-2534-4207-a4a1-6746a14911ff.
- APA 7
- IndustryPayments. (2026). Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc., CMS reporting company ID 100000010562. General Payments, PY2024; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types. Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00. Page 1 of 21; records 1–50 of 1041 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. [Filtered data set page]. https://industrypayments.org/company/100000010562?year=2024&recipient=all#records-h. Source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/e6b17c6a-2534-4207-a4a1-6746a14911ff.
- Bluebook
- Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc., CMS reporting company ID 100000010562, IndustryPayments, General Payments, PY2024; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types (Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00). Page 1 of 21; records 1–50 of 1041 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. Source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/e6b17c6a-2534-4207-a4a1-6746a14911ff. https://industrypayments.org/company/100000010562?year=2024&recipient=all#records-h.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments
Citation formats are provided for reference; check the requirements of your publication.
Payment records · PY2024
Date, newest first, then reporting company; values as published by CMS.
General Payments · PY2024 · All recipient types · CMS publication 2026-06-30
1,041 matching records · $280,421.28 reported total · 0 disputed
Nature of payment: All payment types
Records imported here (UTC).
Download all 1,041 matching records (CSV)
CSV includes CMS record IDs, source and publication dates, the data edition, and a link to these filters. Formula-like text cells are prefixed with an apostrophe for spreadsheet safety.
Showing records 1–50 of 1,041.
| Recipient | Paying entity | Amount | Date | Nature of payment | Dispute status | Publication flags | Published | Record ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANNA ASHLEY Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $99.20 | 12/30/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036956 | CMS |
| SCOTT MICHAEL REDLINGER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $105.82 | 12/23/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037126 | CMS |
| TETYANA SHREYER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $129.47 | 12/19/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036576 | CMS |
| STEPHEN A MORGAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $143.30 | 12/18/2024 | Charitable Contribution | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035687 | CMS |
| STEPHEN A MORGAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $143.30 | 12/18/2024 | Charitable Contribution | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035689 | CMS |
| LAUREN R JOHNSON Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $255.23 | 12/17/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036245 | CMS |
| LILLIAN A NELSON Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $76.68 | 12/17/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036247 | CMS |
| BRIAN S MILLETT Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $44.35 | 12/17/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037174 | CMS |
| CHRISTINA L PRUITT Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $20.85 | 12/16/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036243 | CMS |
| MONICA A AGUDELO Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $30.12 | 12/16/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036854 | CMS |
| GABRIEL ANTONIO QUINONES-BETANCOURT Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $31.08 | 12/13/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036852 | CMS |
| TYLER MCKEEVER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $143.41 | 12/13/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036958 | CMS |
| STEVEN E WYLIE Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $40.29 | 12/12/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035685 | CMS |
| JASON P DEVEY Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $40.29 | 12/12/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035697 | CMS |
| TAMARA L SHORE Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $40.29 | 12/12/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036239 | CMS |
| DAVID CHRISTOPHER MCNEAL Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $40.29 | 12/12/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036241 | CMS |
| MARSHALL DARYL FAGIN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $8,000.00 | 12/12/2024 | Education | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036399 | CMS |
| JEFFREY ALBA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $40.29 | 12/12/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036411 | CMS |
| HARITHA DURAIRAJ Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $104.19 | 12/12/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036850 | CMS |
| MICHAEL S SHRECK Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $111.16 | 12/12/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036866 | CMS |
| TANNER A SEAGO Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $86.02 | 12/11/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037234 | CMS |
| STEVEN DINH TRAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $192.50 | 12/10/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035683 | CMS |
| SCOTT RANDOLPH MILLER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $96.43 | 12/10/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036237 | CMS |
| KAMBEZ SHUKOOR Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $72.66 | 12/10/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036848 | CMS |
| KATHARINE A MURPHY Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $177.47 | 12/10/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036966 | CMS |
| TONTRA P LOWE Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $90.80 | 12/10/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037134 | CMS |
| KARI R MANN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $34.88 | 12/09/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035681 | CMS |
| DUC M HO Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $237.55 | 12/09/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036574 | CMS |
| GENT MEMETI Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $237.55 | 12/09/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036844 | CMS |
| ANNA EE SING WONG Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $88.16 | 12/09/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036846 | CMS |
| CHRISTOPHER ROBERT SANTAY Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $262.65 | 12/06/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035669 | CMS |
| VIOLETA IVONNE GARCIA-LEPORE Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $262.65 | 12/06/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035671 | CMS |
| ZHAFAR A BADALOV Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $262.65 | 12/06/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035673 | CMS |
| ZHAFAR A BADALOV Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $40.26 | 12/06/2024 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035675 | CMS |
| KHAMIDA A BADALOVA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $40.26 | 12/06/2024 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035677 | CMS |
| KHAMIDA A BADALOVA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $262.65 | 12/06/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035679 | CMS |
| CALLIE GAYLE WILLIAMS Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $262.65 | 12/06/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036233 | CMS |
| MEGHAN WHEELER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $262.65 | 12/06/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036235 | CMS |
| PATRICK HUYNH Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $70.57 | 12/05/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036572 | CMS |
| DANY ELRAHEB Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $181.21 | 12/05/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036838 | CMS |
| BRENDA MARIA ALVAREZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $181.21 | 12/05/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036840 | CMS |
| DANIEL ARMENTEROS Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $269.88 | 12/05/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036842 | CMS |
| NIRVANA L LEIX Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $49.96 | 12/05/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037158 | CMS |
| CHRISTOPHER J VOGT Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $177.42 | 12/04/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036229 | CMS |
| ARMANDO SALAZAR III Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $104.26 | 12/04/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036231 | CMS |
| LEILA ANN SUKI Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $85.01 | 12/04/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036834 | CMS |
| CAROLINA GARCES Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $31.08 | 12/04/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036836 | CMS |
| DASONJ NIXON Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $30.72 | 12/04/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037180 | CMS |
| FERNAND S LACAYANGA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $92.00 | 12/04/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037202 | CMS |
| ASHLEY R MCZEAL Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $131.04 | 12/03/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036563 | CMS |
Practitioner overview · all loaded program years
2,538 providers listed 6,126 records General Payments
General Payments to practitioners — all loaded program years
- Category: General Payments
- Program years: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
- Record count: 6,126
- Providers listed: 2,538
Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
Coverage: program years 2019–2025, General Payments only, reported to physicians and non-physician practitioners. Payments to teaching hospitals are not included in these practitioner figures. Each figure is labeled with its category and program year; categories are never combined.
Practitioner payments by program year
| Program year | Reported | Records | Providers | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PY2019 | $507,849.00 | 1,589 | 396 | This company in PY2019 → |
| PY2020 | $316,297.63 | 1,464 | 1,108 | This company in PY2020 → |
| PY2021 | $357,711.62 | 604 | 253 | This company in PY2021 → |
| PY2022 | $335,183.41 | 733 | 274 | This company in PY2022 → |
| PY2023 | $399,866.19 | 695 | 383 | This company in PY2023 → |
| PY2024 | $280,421.28 | 1,041 | 725 | This company in PY2024 → |
By recipient specialty (29)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians 12 specialties 15 providers
Dental Providers 13 specialties 2,509 providers
- Dentist 896
- Dentist · Dental Anesthesiology 1
- Dentist · Dental Public Health 5
- Dentist · Endodontics 9
- Dentist · General Practice 1,352
- Dentist · Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 2
- Dentist · Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 17
- Dentist · Orofacial Pain 1
- Dentist · Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 18
- Dentist · Pediatric Dentistry 25
- Dentist · Periodontics 29
- Dentist · Prosthodontics 151
- Denturist 3
Eye and Vision Services Providers 1 specialty 1 providers
Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers 1 specialty 1 providers
Podiatric Medicine & Surgery Service Providers 2 specialties 2 providers
Providers listed (2,538)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
| Provider | Specialty | State | Records reported by this company |
|---|---|---|---|
| AARON C STUDER | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | SD | 8 |
| AARON DENNIS LAWS | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | AZ | 1 |
| AARON GERALD ACRES | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NY | 3 |
| AARON KENDALL JAMES | Dental Providers|Dentist | TX | 2 |
| AARON M POKORNY | Dental Providers|Dentist|Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | MI | 1 |
| AARON P GOODMAN | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CO | 1 |
| AARON SCHMIEDER HORSLEY-TENY | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | TX | 1 |
| AARON W PIEPER | Dental Providers|Dentist | MO | 2 |
| ABEDIN DADEHBEIGI | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | TX | 1 |
| ABEER KHATIB | Dental Providers|Dentist | CA | 1 |
| ABHILASHA BAL | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CA | 2 |
| ABIGAIL FRANCES GALLEY | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | PA | 1 |
| ABRAHAM DYZENHAUS | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NY | 2 |
| ABRAHAM NOBEL | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CA | 1 |
| ADAM C MOORE | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NC | 1 |
| ADAM CHRISTOPHER SZATKOWSKI | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | IL | 1 |
| ADAM EISNER | Dental Providers|Dentist | MD | 1 |
| ADAM LEE FROUNFELTER | Dental Providers|Dentist | IN | 1 |
| ADAM MILLER | Dental Providers|Dentist | CA | 7 |
| ADAM W HODGES | Dental Providers|Dentist | MS | 1 |
| ADAMO ELVIS NOTARANTONIO | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NY | 20 |
| ADEENA ARAIN | Dental Providers|Dentist | TX | 2 |
| ADONIS RAMOS MUNGCAL | Dental Providers|Dentist | CA | 2 |
| ADRIAN ACOSTA | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CA | 1 |
| ADRIAN G HUANG | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | UT | 1 |
| ADRIANA CASTIBLANCO | Dental Providers|Dentist | GA | 1 |
| ADRIANA MARIA PARRA BARILLAS | Dental Providers|Dentist | NY | 2 |
| AGERICO M SAYOC | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | FL | 1 |
| AHMAD AGHAKHAN-MOHEB | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CA | 2 |
| AHMAD CHAUDHRY | Dental Providers|Dentist|Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | PA | 1 |
| AHMED M MAHROUS | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | IA | 1 |
| AHMED SALAH ALI | Dental Providers|Dentist|Pediatric Dentistry | TX | 2 |
| AHMET ORGEV | Dental Providers|Dentist | NY | 1 |
| AJAY K DHINGRA | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | CT | 1 |
| AKSHAY KAUSHAL | Dental Providers|Dentist | VA | 1 |
| AKSHAY THUSU | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | TX | 1 |
| ALAAEDDIN ALWAZZAN | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | MA | 1 |
| ALAN DAVID NEWTON | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | ME | 1 |
| ALAN ESTRADA | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NV | 1 |
| ALAN FRENKEL | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NJ | 3 |
| ALAN HERBERT FRANKEL | Dental Providers|Dentist | NJ | 2 |
| ALAN JAMES SUTTON | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | WA | 1 |
| ALAN JEFFREY MARTIN | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | KS | 2 |
| ALAN L ROBERTSON | Dental Providers|Dentist | NE | 1 |
| ALAN MITSUNAGA | Dental Providers|Dentist | HI | 5 |
| ALBERTO H OLIVARES | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | TX | 5 |
| ALEJANDRO DE LA CRUZ | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | FL | 2 |
| ALEJANDRO ECHEVERRY | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CA | 1 |
| ALEKSANDAR VUKOTIC | Dental Providers|Dentist | CA | 1 |
| ALEKSANDRA BASINA | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | PA | 1 |