Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc.
Saved only in this browser. No account or alerts.
Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments
These records are submitted to CMS and attested to by the reporting companies. CMS publishes them as reported; this site mirrors them without independent verification.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
CMS updates this data on an annual cycle, and corrections or successful disputes made at CMS may not yet appear here. The official CMS record is authoritative for the current state.
Page 6 of 21; records 251–300 of 1041 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. Use the CSV download for all matching records.
IndustryPayments · General Payments
Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc.
CMS reporting company ID 100000010562
General Payments, PY2024; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types
Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00
Page 6 of 21; records 251–300 of 1041 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export.
Filtered page: https://industrypayments.org/company/100000010562?year=2024&recipient=all&page=6#records-h
CMS source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/e6b17c6a-2534-4207-a4a1-6746a14911ff
Cite these filtered records
The citation includes this program year, filters, data edition, and page of results.
- Plain
- Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc., CMS reporting company ID 100000010562. General Payments, PY2024; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types. Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00. Page 6 of 21; records 251–300 of 1041 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. IndustryPayments. https://industrypayments.org/company/100000010562?year=2024&recipient=all&page=6#records-h. Source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/e6b17c6a-2534-4207-a4a1-6746a14911ff.
- APA 7
- IndustryPayments. (2026). Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc., CMS reporting company ID 100000010562. General Payments, PY2024; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types. Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00. Page 6 of 21; records 251–300 of 1041 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. [Filtered data set page]. https://industrypayments.org/company/100000010562?year=2024&recipient=all&page=6#records-h. Source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/e6b17c6a-2534-4207-a4a1-6746a14911ff.
- Bluebook
- Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc., CMS reporting company ID 100000010562, IndustryPayments, General Payments, PY2024; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types (Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00). Page 6 of 21; records 251–300 of 1041 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. Source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/e6b17c6a-2534-4207-a4a1-6746a14911ff. https://industrypayments.org/company/100000010562?year=2024&recipient=all&page=6#records-h.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments
Citation formats are provided for reference; check the requirements of your publication.
Payment records · PY2024
Date, newest first, then reporting company; values as published by CMS.
General Payments · PY2024 · All recipient types · CMS publication 2026-06-30
1,041 matching records · $280,421.28 reported total · 0 disputed
Nature of payment: All payment types
Records imported here (UTC).
Download all 1,041 matching records (CSV)
CSV includes CMS record IDs, source and publication dates, the data edition, and a link to these filters. Formula-like text cells are prefixed with an apostrophe for spreadsheet safety.
Showing records 251–300 of 1,041.
| Recipient | Paying entity | Amount | Date | Nature of payment | Dispute status | Publication flags | Published | Record ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JASON ANTON JABER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $148.82 | 10/22/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036143 | CMS |
| MAYA SAKETKHOU Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $46.06 | 10/22/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036487 | CMS |
| STANLEY HARRIS Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $51.14 | 10/22/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036740 | CMS |
| MAHDI MOJARRAD Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $107.57 | 10/22/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036742 | CMS |
| STEVEN DONGHUN MOON Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $107.57 | 10/22/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036744 | CMS |
| SAYLI QUINTERO Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $32.69 | 10/22/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036746 | CMS |
| JOSEPH L OSTHELLER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $142.68 | 10/22/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036748 | CMS |
| SABRINA LOUISE CHAVEZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $66.97 | 10/22/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037010 | CMS |
| PATRICK GOOCH Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $92.44 | 10/22/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037018 | CMS |
| MICHAEL T HIGGINBOTHAM Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $72.93 | 10/22/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037176 | CMS |
| ARIANA DELA CRUZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $107.81 | 10/21/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035613 | CMS |
| DAVID ROBERT RICE Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $57.90 | 10/21/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036141 | CMS |
| SARA KARIM Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $30.12 | 10/21/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036483 | CMS |
| DEJA LYNN LAJEVIC Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $113.04 | 10/21/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036485 | CMS |
| NAWSHIN CHOWDHURY Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $196.87 | 10/21/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036738 | CMS |
| HASSAN BAKRI Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $113.04 | 10/21/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036874 | CMS |
| SEUNG J LEE Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $243.88 | 10/21/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036902 | CMS |
| JEFFREY DAVID SEAMAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $124.25 | 10/21/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037178 | CMS |
| SANG W PARK Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $86.99 | 10/20/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037156 | CMS |
| IRA B SPRITZER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $154.60 | 10/18/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035607 | CMS |
| IRA B SPRITZER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $21.60 | 10/18/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035609 | CMS |
| DARRIN F BLACKMAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $154.60 | 10/18/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035611 | CMS |
| GEORGE KOLLAROS Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $234.55 | 10/18/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036732 | CMS |
| RONALD RASHKIND Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $234.55 | 10/18/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036734 | CMS |
| MIRILIS MIRIAM RODRIGUEZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $16.39 | 10/18/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036736 | CMS |
| LAURA AMATO Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $234.55 | 10/18/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036872 | CMS |
| KENT KNOERNSCHILD Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $154.60 | 10/18/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037336 | CMS |
| KAREN JEAN BRUGGERS Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $21.60 | 10/18/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037338 | CMS |
| TIMOTHY MICHAEL SNIDER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $53.49 | 10/17/2024 | Gift | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036137 | CMS |
| JENNIFER L DERSE Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $124.90 | 10/17/2024 | Gift | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036139 | CMS |
| SHANNON W PASSINEAU Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $83.94 | 10/17/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036481 | CMS |
| NAOMI CAROLINO Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $127.53 | 10/17/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036728 | CMS |
| VALENTINA CARRILLO Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $32.12 | 10/17/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036730 | CMS |
| LISET MARIA FRIAS FIGUEREDO Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $53.49 | 10/17/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037112 | CMS |
| MELICIA K TJOA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $153.72 | 10/17/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037356 | CMS |
| WILLIAM C HAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $121.94 | 10/16/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036479 | CMS |
| DANA LYNN ZWIEBEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $121.94 | 10/16/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036722 | CMS |
| DAE YOUNG KIM Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $89.44 | 10/16/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036724 | CMS |
| LANA K MASTI Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $89.44 | 10/16/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036726 | CMS |
| CLAYTON SCHOMMER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $88.87 | 10/16/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037162 | CMS |
| JEFFREY A RANTA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $76.98 | 10/16/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037182 | CMS |
| EMILY VICTORIA DAVIS Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $137.45 | 10/16/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100037272 | CMS |
| VI TUONG NGO Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $50.72 | 10/15/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036718 | CMS |
| HAE GARCIA Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $189.84 | 10/15/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036720 | CMS |
| ELIOTT EYTAN ZARABI Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $126.60 | 10/15/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036882 | CMS |
| SCOTT RANDOLPH MILLER Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $114.68 | 10/14/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036135 | CMS |
| BONNER BELL MORREN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $83.14 | 10/11/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035605 | CMS |
| SHARIQ KHAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $87.36 | 10/11/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100036880 | CMS |
| DAVID ERIC ROTHSTEIN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $159.46 | 10/10/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035601 | CMS |
| BONNER BELL MORREN Physician / non-physician practitioner | Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc. | $159.46 | 10/10/2024 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 1100035603 | CMS |
Practitioner overview · all loaded program years
2,538 providers listed 6,126 records General Payments
General Payments to practitioners — all loaded program years
- Category: General Payments
- Program years: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
- Record count: 6,126
- Providers listed: 2,538
Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
Coverage: program years 2019–2025, General Payments only, reported to physicians and non-physician practitioners. Payments to teaching hospitals are not included in these practitioner figures. Each figure is labeled with its category and program year; categories are never combined.
Practitioner payments by program year
| Program year | Reported | Records | Providers | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PY2019 | $507,849.00 | 1,589 | 396 | This company in PY2019 → |
| PY2020 | $316,297.63 | 1,464 | 1,108 | This company in PY2020 → |
| PY2021 | $357,711.62 | 604 | 253 | This company in PY2021 → |
| PY2022 | $335,183.41 | 733 | 274 | This company in PY2022 → |
| PY2023 | $399,866.19 | 695 | 383 | This company in PY2023 → |
| PY2024 | $280,421.28 | 1,041 | 725 | This company in PY2024 → |
By recipient specialty (29)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians 12 specialties 15 providers
Dental Providers 13 specialties 2,509 providers
- Dentist 896
- Dentist · Dental Anesthesiology 1
- Dentist · Dental Public Health 5
- Dentist · Endodontics 9
- Dentist · General Practice 1,352
- Dentist · Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 2
- Dentist · Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 17
- Dentist · Orofacial Pain 1
- Dentist · Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 18
- Dentist · Pediatric Dentistry 25
- Dentist · Periodontics 29
- Dentist · Prosthodontics 151
- Denturist 3
Eye and Vision Services Providers 1 specialty 1 providers
Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers 1 specialty 1 providers
Podiatric Medicine & Surgery Service Providers 2 specialties 2 providers
Providers listed (2,538)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
| Provider | Specialty | State | Records reported by this company |
|---|---|---|---|
| AARON C STUDER | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | SD | 8 |
| AARON DENNIS LAWS | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | AZ | 1 |
| AARON GERALD ACRES | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NY | 3 |
| AARON KENDALL JAMES | Dental Providers|Dentist | TX | 2 |
| AARON M POKORNY | Dental Providers|Dentist|Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | MI | 1 |
| AARON P GOODMAN | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CO | 1 |
| AARON SCHMIEDER HORSLEY-TENY | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | TX | 1 |
| AARON W PIEPER | Dental Providers|Dentist | MO | 2 |
| ABEDIN DADEHBEIGI | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | TX | 1 |
| ABEER KHATIB | Dental Providers|Dentist | CA | 1 |
| ABHILASHA BAL | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CA | 2 |
| ABIGAIL FRANCES GALLEY | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | PA | 1 |
| ABRAHAM DYZENHAUS | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NY | 2 |
| ABRAHAM NOBEL | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CA | 1 |
| ADAM C MOORE | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NC | 1 |
| ADAM CHRISTOPHER SZATKOWSKI | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | IL | 1 |
| ADAM EISNER | Dental Providers|Dentist | MD | 1 |
| ADAM LEE FROUNFELTER | Dental Providers|Dentist | IN | 1 |
| ADAM MILLER | Dental Providers|Dentist | CA | 7 |
| ADAM W HODGES | Dental Providers|Dentist | MS | 1 |
| ADAMO ELVIS NOTARANTONIO | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NY | 20 |
| ADEENA ARAIN | Dental Providers|Dentist | TX | 2 |
| ADONIS RAMOS MUNGCAL | Dental Providers|Dentist | CA | 2 |
| ADRIAN ACOSTA | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CA | 1 |
| ADRIAN G HUANG | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | UT | 1 |
| ADRIANA CASTIBLANCO | Dental Providers|Dentist | GA | 1 |
| ADRIANA MARIA PARRA BARILLAS | Dental Providers|Dentist | NY | 2 |
| AGERICO M SAYOC | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | FL | 1 |
| AHMAD AGHAKHAN-MOHEB | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CA | 2 |
| AHMAD CHAUDHRY | Dental Providers|Dentist|Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery | PA | 1 |
| AHMED M MAHROUS | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | IA | 1 |
| AHMED SALAH ALI | Dental Providers|Dentist|Pediatric Dentistry | TX | 2 |
| AHMET ORGEV | Dental Providers|Dentist | NY | 1 |
| AJAY K DHINGRA | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | CT | 1 |
| AKSHAY KAUSHAL | Dental Providers|Dentist | VA | 1 |
| AKSHAY THUSU | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | TX | 1 |
| ALAAEDDIN ALWAZZAN | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | MA | 1 |
| ALAN DAVID NEWTON | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | ME | 1 |
| ALAN ESTRADA | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NV | 1 |
| ALAN FRENKEL | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | NJ | 3 |
| ALAN HERBERT FRANKEL | Dental Providers|Dentist | NJ | 2 |
| ALAN JAMES SUTTON | Dental Providers|Dentist|Prosthodontics | WA | 1 |
| ALAN JEFFREY MARTIN | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | KS | 2 |
| ALAN L ROBERTSON | Dental Providers|Dentist | NE | 1 |
| ALAN MITSUNAGA | Dental Providers|Dentist | HI | 5 |
| ALBERTO H OLIVARES | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | TX | 5 |
| ALEJANDRO DE LA CRUZ | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | FL | 2 |
| ALEJANDRO ECHEVERRY | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | CA | 1 |
| ALEKSANDAR VUKOTIC | Dental Providers|Dentist | CA | 1 |
| ALEKSANDRA BASINA | Dental Providers|Dentist|General Practice | PA | 1 |