Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

JILLIAN MARIE MONTICCIOLO

Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers Physician Assistant

NPI
1861949950
CMS profile
10845389
Location
STERLING HTS, MI

General Payments · PY2021–2024

$10,403.24

  • Reported across 725 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$2,739.62

172 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $2,739.62 172

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2021 $2,333.81 170
PY2022 $2,504.29 182
PY2023 $2,825.52 201
PY2024 $2,739.62 172

Payment records · PY2024 (172)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $15.48 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683046 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.67 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683048 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.03 01/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683050 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $1.10 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683052 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $0.91 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683054 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.59 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683056 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.41 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683058 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.69 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683060 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.01 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683062 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.33 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683064 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.64 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683066 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $25.00 05/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683068 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.15 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683070 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.07 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683072 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.81 06/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683074 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.15 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683076 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.34 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683078 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.23 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683080 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $10.25 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683082 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $28.00 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683084 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.71 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683086 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.60 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683088 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.91 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683090 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $10.27 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683092 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.70 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683094 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.21 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683096 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $10.49 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683098 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.29 11/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1107683100 CMS
Amgen Inc. $8.99 01/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117632929 CMS
Amgen Inc. $14.15 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117632931 CMS
Amgen Inc. $21.51 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117632933 CMS
Amgen Inc. $14.41 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117331444 CMS
Amgen Inc. $18.18 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117632935 CMS
Amgen Inc. $18.81 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117331454 CMS
Amgen Inc. $18.81 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117632937 CMS
Amgen Inc. $15.55 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117331446 CMS
Amgen Inc. $12.43 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117331448 CMS
Amgen Inc. $9.01 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117632939 CMS
Amgen Inc. $5.33 10/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117632945 CMS
Amgen Inc. $20.79 11/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117632941 CMS
Amgen Inc. $16.70 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117331450 CMS
Amgen Inc. $1.57 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117632943 CMS
Amgen Inc. $16.83 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117331452 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $13.64 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104352844 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $23.78 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104211361 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $21.96 01/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105297639 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $13.65 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104245459 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $17.70 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104530246 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $17.42 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105286835 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $13.18 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105478057 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $13.18 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104383461 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $15.92 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104700969 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $13.67 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104596112 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $89.93 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104366851 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $13.64 06/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105313345 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.49 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104426899 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $17.25 07/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104296580 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $29.02 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104491266 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $16.98 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104550072 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.73 09/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104407119 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $16.08 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104345804 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $15.17 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105852470 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $15.23 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105582478 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $15.83 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104249801 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $21.35 05/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086317183 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $13.35 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086333317 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $23.90 11/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086363737 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.78 06/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118198985 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $32.99 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118198989 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $15.80 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118198981 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $34.18 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118198993 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $14.18 01/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092526475 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $14.83 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092526449 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $14.36 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092526447 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $13.55 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092526473 CMS
Boston Scientific Corporation $16.16 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1092526451 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $17.02 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1089458886 CMS
Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. $13.13 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1129472704 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $21.12 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114529111 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $23.85 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114529115 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $24.01 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114529119 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $25.51 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114529124 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $16.43 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114529128 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $12.71 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114529131 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $9.28 12/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114529135 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $21.55 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116448428 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $17.73 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116720772 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $15.30 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116484721 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $13.71 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116262021 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $14.42 12/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116352018 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $18.17 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143557059 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $15.18 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143557064 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $17.99 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143557067 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $15.52 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135710122 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $14.22 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135658137 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.69 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135725461 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.12 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135692756 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.78 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135692754 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $13.71 05/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135707688 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.20 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135645803 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $14.23 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135722311 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $14.29 06/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135711582 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $14.68 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135710120 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $13.20 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135711580 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $15.00 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135711584 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $7.99 09/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135722309 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $13.20 10/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135692758 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $15.00 11/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135692752 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $13.29 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135725459 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $22.33 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146063351 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $16.81 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146063353 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $17.79 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086997950 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $16.86 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086997956 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $17.39 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086997960 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $17.39 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086997964 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $17.95 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086998000 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $2.14 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100367387 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $21.44 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100484501 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $13.09 04/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100428635 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $5.31 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100490937 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $21.55 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100448573 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $6.00 05/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100502511 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $2.54 06/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100292192 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $19.50 06/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100378069 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $18.29 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100469512 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $5.46 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100291592 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $23.43 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100300281 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $22.59 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100638202 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $20.93 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100337355 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $27.78 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100260093 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $3.65 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100262237 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $1.82 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100468488 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $17.51 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100585978 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $4.87 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100603760 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $6.47 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100348842 CMS
Orexo US, Inc. $23.53 07/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136179982 CMS
Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $15.10 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113931744 CMS
Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $19.74 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113931746 CMS
Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $17.21 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113931748 CMS
Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $19.42 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113931750 CMS
Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.70 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113931752 CMS
Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $11.52 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113931754 CMS
Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.34 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113931756 CMS
Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.54 12/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1113931758 CMS
PFIZER INC. $12.38 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131826160 CMS
PFIZER INC. $16.59 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131799467 CMS
PFIZER INC. $12.96 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131825874 CMS
PFIZER INC. $13.16 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131809455 CMS
PFIZER INC. $9.72 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131803241 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.92 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131817878 CMS
PFIZER INC. $10.06 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131801344 CMS
PFIZER INC. $12.67 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131794571 CMS
PFIZER INC. $10.79 06/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131802591 CMS
PFIZER INC. $16.96 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131795565 CMS
PFIZER INC. $11.06 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131829459 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.57 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131848871 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.83 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131852031 CMS
PFIZER INC. $13.03 10/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131973579 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.02 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132076623 CMS
PFIZER INC. $10.98 10/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132085000 CMS
PFIZER INC. $10.67 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132080408 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.46 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131181835 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $20.56 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153613846 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.56 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153666996 CMS
Salix Pharmaceuticals, a division of Bausch Health US, LLC $14.92 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153696255 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $37.41 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137795077 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $21.11 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137795079 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $21.59 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137795081 CMS
UCB, Inc. $14.51 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143067075 CMS
UCB, Inc. $15.03 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143067077 CMS
UCB, Inc. $15.55 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143067079 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $33.34 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133959241 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.