Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

SAMIR E HAGE

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Obstetrics & Gynecology

NPI
1821059924
CMS profile
309036
Location
REDLANDS, CA

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$544,078.15

  • Reported across 554 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$146,363.21

156 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $145,984.04 141
Caldera Medical, Inc $113.92 3
Hologic Sales and Service, LLC $78.38 2
ABBVIE INC. $77.52 3
Astellas Pharma US Inc $42.33 2
Organon LLC $32.86 2
CooperSurgical, Inc. $18.05 1
MAYNE PHARMA COMMERCIAL LLC $16.11 2

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $19,884.46 31
PY2019 $53,966.91 69
PY2020 $34,166.80 25
PY2021 $61,879.02 49
PY2022 $86,210.16 97
PY2023 $141,607.59 127
PY2024 $146,363.21 156

Payment records · PY2024 (156)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $15.67 02/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103861423 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $33.60 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103861425 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $28.25 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103861427 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $20.90 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139351749 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $21.43 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139426610 CMS
Caldera Medical, Inc $60.58 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136346885 CMS
Caldera Medical, Inc $25.00 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136346148 CMS
Caldera Medical, Inc $28.34 09/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136346329 CMS
CooperSurgical, Inc. $18.05 10/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150801676 CMS
Hologic Sales and Service, LLC $37.67 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1084881588 CMS
Hologic Sales and Service, LLC $40.71 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1084881604 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 01/17/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137186661 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137200408 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $6.00 02/01/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137135912 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $6.00 02/01/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137217293 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $459.56 02/06/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137159836 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $500.00 02/14/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137272268 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 02/21/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137135966 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137164042 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $483.82 03/03/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137089118 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $25.00 03/03/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137103645 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $542.95 03/03/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137114169 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $19.00 03/03/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137275961 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $194.45 03/07/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137234828 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $369.98 03/08/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137156785 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $175.54 03/09/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137086367 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $399.98 03/11/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137230609 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $300.00 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137110521 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 03/13/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137198892 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 03/13/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137268374 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $300.00 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137290315 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $297.00 03/22/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137254037 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $300.00 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137092735 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 03/27/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137257369 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $11.13 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137240273 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137089094 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 04/03/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137165796 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $19.00 04/15/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137129486 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $956.29 04/15/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137131124 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $38.32 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137082335 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $6.00 04/25/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137101179 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $456.50 04/25/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137258287 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $251.27 04/27/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137091785 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $456.50 04/28/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137094686 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 05/03/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137259989 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $300.00 05/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137278506 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $200.83 05/13/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137165374 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $475.07 05/13/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137182542 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $25.00 05/13/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137267346 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $19.00 05/16/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137125379 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $19.00 05/16/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137183450 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $133.10 05/16/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137198482 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $245.72 05/18/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137162370 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 05/24/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137068146 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 05/24/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137084825 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137210453 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137262179 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 06/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137146812 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 06/07/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137161671 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $25.00 06/11/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137195099 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $312.45 06/11/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137252971 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.20 06/12/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137097912 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 06/12/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137142193 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 06/12/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137167213 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137217799 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137285085 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $395.70 06/12/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137289183 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $6.00 06/13/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137110597 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $438.08 06/14/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137164216 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $44.19 06/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137210409 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $300.00 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137228643 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 06/19/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137256881 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $296.21 06/22/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137076704 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $5.78 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137081111 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4.53 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137157419 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 06/26/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137230237 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137295887 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $212.53 06/27/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137122567 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $274.82 07/04/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137270937 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $203.86 07/06/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137299475 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $10.05 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137094221 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $87.50 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137117170 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $15.20 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137171180 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4.99 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137182028 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 07/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137091357 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 07/10/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137158775 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 07/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137082703 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 07/12/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137088028 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $6.00 07/13/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137108108 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $27.76 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137082545 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $7.75 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137183743 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $40.57 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137298420 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 07/17/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137084053 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137154644 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 07/17/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137189131 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 07/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137299171 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 07/24/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137110779 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137225632 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $268.16 07/24/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137264449 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $6.00 08/05/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137290626 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 08/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137170858 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 08/09/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137201146 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $102.64 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137188569 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $149.00 08/13/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137200794 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $30.11 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137225396 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 08/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137238277 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 08/16/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137265001 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $1,500.00 08/23/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137099548 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $6.00 09/09/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137084799 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $6.00 09/18/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137137768 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $226.34 09/19/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137177352 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $500.00 09/20/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137110067 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $6.00 09/20/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137113203 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 09/25/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137121148 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $300.00 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137244290 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $324.61 09/26/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137210628 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $192.29 09/27/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137142388 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $32.53 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137121620 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $3.45 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137213591 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 10/02/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137121320 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $300.00 10/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137190306 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $500.00 10/09/2024 Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137104631 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137207735 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 10/09/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137218337 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $487.03 10/10/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137224832 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $30.00 10/10/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137277040 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $30.00 10/23/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137099452 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $155.98 10/23/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137186129 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $167.61 10/25/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137116472 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $157.38 10/28/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137145261 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 10/30/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137079759 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137153246 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137193489 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 10/30/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137218731 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $5.00 11/04/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137138294 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $5.00 11/04/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137252541 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $30.00 11/05/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137105091 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $760.96 11/05/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137247604 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $300.00 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137095412 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 11/08/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137294689 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $6.00 11/15/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137121054 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $207.28 11/15/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137225514 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 11/22/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137231782 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 11/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137257325 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137088078 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 11/26/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137241708 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $203.23 12/04/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137268344 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $524.26 12/05/2024 Travel and Lodging Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137186155 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $300.00 12/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137193407 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 12/06/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137259783 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $150.00 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137097751 CMS
INTUITIVE SURGICAL, INC. $4,000.00 12/11/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137270615 CMS
MAYNE PHARMA COMMERCIAL LLC $9.50 02/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154687019 CMS
MAYNE PHARMA COMMERCIAL LLC $6.61 03/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1154687227 CMS
Organon Llc $2.34 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136256215 CMS
Organon Llc $30.52 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1136256219 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.