Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

LOVEDA WINKLES

Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers Nurse Practitioner Psychiatric/Mental Health

NPI
1730899279
CMS profile
11500267
Location
MCALLEN, TX

General Payments · PY2023–2024

$7,049.86

  • Reported across 345 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$3,961.84

162 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $3,961.84 162

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2023 $3,088.02 183
PY2024 $3,961.84 162

Payment records · PY2024 (162)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 2023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $5.61 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427608 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.94 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427610 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.90 01/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427612 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.55 01/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427614 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $103.93 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427616 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.83 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427618 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.11 02/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427620 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.71 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427622 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $25.47 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427624 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.87 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427626 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $2.94 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427628 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.69 03/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427630 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.61 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427632 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.27 03/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427634 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.44 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427636 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $29.04 07/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427638 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.15 08/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427640 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.88 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427642 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.33 09/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427644 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.65 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427646 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.84 11/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427648 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $10.30 11/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1108427650 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $13.75 01/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621838 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $17.08 02/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621840 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $7.89 02/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621842 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $114.25 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621844 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $5.24 03/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621846 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $25.41 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621848 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $29.74 07/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621850 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $22.29 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621852 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $23.28 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621854 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $21.23 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621856 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $122.48 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621858 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $12.11 11/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621860 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $22.33 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120621862 CMS
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $104.14 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148386538 CMS
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $27.89 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148386540 CMS
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $20.33 10/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148386542 CMS
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $24.24 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148386544 CMS
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $27.61 12/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148386546 CMS
Corium, LLC $25.60 01/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100082308 CMS
Corium, LLC $21.55 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100092761 CMS
Corium, LLC $5.45 02/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100131938 CMS
Corium, LLC $6.29 03/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100130374 CMS
Corium, LLC $28.10 05/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100077681 CMS
Corium, LLC $14.66 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100163649 CMS
Corium, LLC $18.36 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100173040 CMS
Corium, LLC $21.83 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100183052 CMS
Corium, LLC $26.23 08/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1100194258 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $10.66 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101206940 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $124.99 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101206954 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $2.81 12/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101206948 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $12.02 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101206942 CMS
IDORSIA PHARMACEUTICALS US INC $15.07 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146765134 CMS
Indivior Inc. $18.18 03/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1144576454 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $22.93 01/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146253825 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $21.94 03/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146243883 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $8.23 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146241831 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $17.92 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146241833 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $99.65 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146241835 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $11.45 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146272700 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $13.47 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146272760 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $16.80 07/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146297422 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $14.57 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146313931 CMS
IRONSHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $7.41 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146293408 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $0.35 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629870 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $7.28 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629872 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $7.10 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629874 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $1.12 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629876 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $22.97 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629878 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $4.61 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629880 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $6.42 02/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629882 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $9.74 03/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629884 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $21.49 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629886 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $21.35 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629888 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $125.00 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629890 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $19.12 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629892 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $21.36 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629894 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $13.67 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629896 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $19.26 11/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629898 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $125.00 12/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143629900 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $16.48 02/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078208561 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $31.78 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078208503 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $10.28 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078208529 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $120.36 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078208727 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $18.82 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078208651 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $19.90 12/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078208579 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $25.27 12/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078208589 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $17.08 01/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146108342 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $16.27 03/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146108344 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $16.90 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146108346 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $28.25 06/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146108348 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $15.32 07/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146108350 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $19.63 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146108352 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $25.05 08/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146108354 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $17.09 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146108356 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $13.76 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146108358 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $8.83 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146108360 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $22.63 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146108362 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $20.84 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150975461 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $24.23 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150958342 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $18.37 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150988126 CMS
Noven Therapeutics, LLC $19.83 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1084835010 CMS
Noven Therapeutics, LLC $19.72 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1084835008 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $27.57 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215899 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $28.11 01/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215901 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $12.67 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215903 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $27.29 02/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215905 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $1.60 02/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215907 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $27.34 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215909 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $2.63 03/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215911 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $121.86 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215913 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $16.74 05/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215915 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $1.87 05/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215917 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $111.51 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215919 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $18.41 06/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215921 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $17.34 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215923 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $12.17 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215925 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $16.28 08/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215927 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $2.47 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215929 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $20.95 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215931 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $18.19 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215933 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $14.68 10/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215935 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $9.83 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215937 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $18.60 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1119215939 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $48.38 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824868 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $75.46 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824870 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $95.95 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824872 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $45.14 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824866 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $7.47 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824852 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $6.54 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824850 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $7.48 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824854 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $10.16 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824856 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.85 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824858 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $23.33 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824860 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $24.00 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824862 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $24.61 04/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147824864 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $14.79 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137845390 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $6.48 01/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747703 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $28.56 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747705 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $1.02 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747707 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $19.80 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747709 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $7.05 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747711 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $5.73 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747713 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $6.65 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747729 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $8.02 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747731 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $26.03 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747733 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $44.73 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747751 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $6.98 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747735 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $28.53 03/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747755 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $5.21 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747757 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $5.19 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747759 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $124.99 05/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747813 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $7.50 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747795 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $12.56 05/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151747797 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $18.49 01/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133976976 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $17.24 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133976978 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $19.57 06/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133976980 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $25.59 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133976982 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $16.59 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133976984 CMS
Vertical Pharmaceuticals, LLC $27.04 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1126996604 CMS
Vertical Pharmaceuticals, LLC $14.97 11/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1126996606 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.