IndustryPayments
Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

JORDYN GINTER

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Family Medicine

NPI
1649775255
CMS profile
9952489
Location
KANSAS CITY, MO

General Payments · PY2021–2024

$7,044.46

  • Reported across 469 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$2,551.46

166 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

Related groups: Family Medicine MO All categories

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $2,551.46 166

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
ABBVIE INC. $384.13 36
Acerta Pharma LLC $371.32 18
Lilly USA, LLC $310.24 19
Novo Nordisk AS $214.61 17
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $188.21 4
PFIZER INC. $171.63 21
Abbott Laboratories $161.61 9
EISAI INC. $139.57 7
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $73.34 4
Antares Pharma, Inc. $66.59 4
DEXCOM, INC. $54.20 3
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $52.76 3
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $48.66 3
Amgen Inc. $46.70 3
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $46.38 2
Exact Sciences Corporation $46.28 3
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $36.98 2
Astellas Pharma US Inc $24.67 1
TOLMAR, INC. $18.93 1
IBSA Pharma Inc. $17.15 1
SANOFI PASTEUR INC. $16.83 1
Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $15.63 1
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $15.46 1
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $15.18 1
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. $14.40 1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2021 $324.95 22
PY2022 $1,910.75 131
PY2023 $2,257.30 150
PY2024 $2,551.46 166

Payment records · PY2024 (166)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
Abbott Laboratories $18.26 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125172159 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $4.24 03/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125172161 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $13.84 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125172163 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $21.23 05/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125172165 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $18.62 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125172167 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $23.35 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125172169 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $23.21 08/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125172171 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $17.84 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125172173 CMS
Abbott Laboratories $21.02 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1125172175 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.80 01/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800770 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.59 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800772 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $25.18 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800774 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.70 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800776 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.24 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800778 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.99 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800780 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $2.15 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800782 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.41 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800784 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $25.29 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800786 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.05 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800788 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $2.99 03/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800790 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.24 03/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800792 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.51 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800794 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.03 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800796 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $7.21 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800798 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.06 04/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800800 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.51 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800802 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.23 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800804 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.50 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800806 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $24.16 05/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800808 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.29 05/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800810 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $10.49 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800812 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.99 06/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800814 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.33 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800816 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.06 07/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800818 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.36 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800820 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.79 08/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800822 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $6.40 08/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800824 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $2.54 08/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800826 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.55 09/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800828 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.01 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800830 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.69 10/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800832 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $1.67 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800834 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.18 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800836 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.86 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800838 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $27.08 11/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103800840 CMS
Amgen Inc. $15.22 01/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117261195 CMS
Amgen Inc. $17.35 07/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1117261197 CMS
Amgen Inc. $14.13 11/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1111584158 CMS
Antares Pharma, Inc. $16.89 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146460032 CMS
Antares Pharma, Inc. $18.26 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146460036 CMS
Antares Pharma, Inc. $16.77 10/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146460040 CMS
Antares Pharma, Inc. $14.67 11/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1146460044 CMS
Astellas Pharma US Inc $24.67 09/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1139389962 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.64 01/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105452569 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.13 01/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105537855 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $13.47 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104585976 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.13 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104592024 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.55 03/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104636827 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $13.50 03/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104257907 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $16.83 04/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104232047 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $98.74 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104633091 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.28 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105831751 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $32.01 05/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104372581 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.65 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104255239 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $17.94 07/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105815977 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $16.85 08/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105860358 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.13 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105482871 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $17.71 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1105788894 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.65 11/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104247099 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.13 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104684547 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $14.98 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1104716683 CMS
Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. $15.18 12/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148293128 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $15.63 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1086216437 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $20.86 01/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118096054 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $16.11 07/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118096052 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $15.79 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118096050 CMS
Dexcom, Inc. $17.90 05/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153310763 CMS
Dexcom, Inc. $18.17 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153310765 CMS
Dexcom, Inc. $18.13 11/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1153310767 CMS
Eisai Inc. $15.85 01/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110754916 CMS
Eisai Inc. $16.08 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110754914 CMS
Eisai Inc. $17.08 04/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110754920 CMS
Eisai Inc. $22.76 07/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110754918 CMS
Eisai Inc. $18.48 10/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110754922 CMS
Eisai Inc. $23.12 11/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110754926 CMS
Eisai Inc. $26.20 12/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1110754924 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $15.91 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114675164 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $15.99 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114675170 CMS
Exact Sciences Corporation $14.38 10/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1114675175 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $15.34 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116529306 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $19.99 05/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116114805 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $17.53 06/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116311463 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $20.48 07/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1116724138 CMS
IBSA Pharma Inc. $17.15 10/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1142975645 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $21.24 01/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135088507 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.38 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135096728 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.07 02/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135073713 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.36 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135099068 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $12.43 03/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135088501 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.24 03/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135082902 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $21.28 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135079066 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.24 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135099070 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $15.28 05/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135088503 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $13.29 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135099066 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.92 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135081612 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $22.95 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135079068 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.07 09/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135081610 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.44 09/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135088505 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $16.17 09/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135082904 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.37 11/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135081608 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $9.27 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135082900 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $12.18 12/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135099064 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $14.06 12/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1135073711 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $7.92 01/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097198655 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $6.88 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096892629 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $9.90 02/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096949934 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $14.83 03/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097548105 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $16.54 04/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096586373 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $14.82 04/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097830114 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $8.91 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097542593 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $22.29 05/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096840136 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $7.92 05/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097360815 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $15.67 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097077033 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $12.96 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097726929 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $15.13 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097061008 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $8.36 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096619922 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $13.59 10/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096941173 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $13.60 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096739329 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $12.71 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1097285120 CMS
Novo Nordisk Inc $12.58 12/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1096653733 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $16.77 04/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118898242 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $17.13 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118898244 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $14.76 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118898246 CMS
PFIZER INC. $3.88 01/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131910888 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.05 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131216724 CMS
PFIZER INC. $7.51 03/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131921249 CMS
PFIZER INC. $3.29 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131908199 CMS
PFIZER INC. $10.45 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131908353 CMS
PFIZER INC. $12.63 04/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131914527 CMS
PFIZER INC. $1.25 04/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131921587 CMS
PFIZER INC. $2.45 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131919385 CMS
PFIZER INC. $8.26 06/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131947796 CMS
PFIZER INC. $6.35 07/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131940185 CMS
PFIZER INC. $7.53 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131937871 CMS
PFIZER INC. $9.96 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131924080 CMS
PFIZER INC. $3.12 08/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131939775 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.39 08/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131852741 CMS
PFIZER INC. $1.24 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131941769 CMS
PFIZER INC. $12.95 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131993781 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.99 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131940163 CMS
PFIZER INC. $10.80 10/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132092434 CMS
PFIZER INC. $1.44 10/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1132094666 CMS
PFIZER INC. $8.73 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131137957 CMS
PFIZER INC. $10.36 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1131259341 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.24 04/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151066055 CMS
Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.74 11/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151066057 CMS
SANOFI PASTEUR INC. $16.83 02/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1128753055 CMS
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. $14.40 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1148856189 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $149.95 01/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147869072 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $11.71 08/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147869068 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $10.93 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147869066 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $15.62 10/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147869070 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $15.46 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137555454 CMS
Tolmar, Inc. $18.93 02/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1138718760 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $19.56 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133903419 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $26.82 11/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133903421 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.