Covered recipient · General Payments record

ZAINAB JISHI

Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers Physician Assistant

NPI: 1417382367
CMS profile: 10523502
Location: CANTON, MI

General Payments · PY2021–2025

$595,807.08

Reported across 710 records
CMS publication 2026-06-30

Latest program year · PY2025

$279,485.91

329 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated

The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2025 · sorted by reported total

Nature of payment	Amount	Records
Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	$201,533.19	67
Travel and Lodging	$38,880.24	91
Consulting Fee	$31,534.67	23
Food and Beverage	$7,537.81	148

By paying entity

PY2025 · sorted by reported total

Paying entity	Amount	Records
ABBVIE INC.	$279,366.75	326
MIMEDX Group, Inc.	$74.86	1
Smith+Nephew, Inc.	$44.30	2

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program year	Amount	Records
PY2021	$268.03	8
PY2022	$19,840.43	34
PY2023	$100,759.98	111
PY2024	$195,452.73	228
PY2025	$279,485.91	329

Payment records · PY2025 (329)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2025 2021 2022 2023 2024 Record-level detail is published for PY2025; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.

Paying entity	Amount	Date	Nature of payment	Dispute status	Published	Record ID	Source
ABBVIE INC.	$412.02	01/05/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435573	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$806.72	01/06/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435578	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,033.67	01/06/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435582	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$16.08	01/06/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435585	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$127.22	01/06/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435589	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	01/07/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435591	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$139.25	01/07/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435595	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$7.66	01/07/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435600	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$125.00	01/13/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435603	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$618.15	01/13/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435606	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$409.28	01/13/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435611	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$25.00	01/13/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435615	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$312.88	01/14/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435619	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$335.00	01/14/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435623	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	01/14/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435625	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	01/14/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435629	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	01/14/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435632	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	01/14/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435636	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	01/15/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435640	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	01/15/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435643	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$217.00	01/24/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435647	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$88.89	01/31/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435652	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$20.85	02/07/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435654	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$149.99	02/07/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435658	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$472.96	02/07/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435662	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$491.22	02/07/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435665	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$23.10	02/07/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435669	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$184.44	02/07/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435673	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$66.35	02/08/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435676	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$23.10	02/08/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435682	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$80.05	02/08/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435686	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$59.99	02/08/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435690	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$25.00	02/09/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435695	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	02/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435702	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3.98	02/11/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435705	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,011.00	02/11/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435710	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$7.09	02/11/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435713	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$335.00	02/21/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435716	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$24.56	02/24/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435721	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$106.46	02/26/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435725	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$435.50	02/27/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435729	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	02/27/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435732	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$292.52	03/05/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435736	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,000.00	03/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435740	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	03/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435744	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$379.05	03/12/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435748	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$50.98	03/12/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435752	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$896.96	03/12/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435757	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$432.74	03/12/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435761	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$59.25	03/13/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435764	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$379.05	03/13/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435768	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$34.00	03/14/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435772	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$167.50	03/18/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435776	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	04/07/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435780	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$168.00	04/09/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435784	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$217.00	04/14/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435788	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$23.39	04/16/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435792	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$20.43	04/16/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435796	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$272.70	04/16/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435800	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$327.94	04/17/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435804	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$47.22	04/24/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435809	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$5.00	04/25/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435813	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$228.25	04/25/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435818	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$854.97	04/25/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435822	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$250.61	04/25/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435826	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$47.22	04/25/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435831	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$47.22	04/26/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435835	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$852.25	04/27/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435839	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$47.22	04/27/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435844	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	04/29/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435848	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,105.50	04/29/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435852	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$335.00	04/29/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435857	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$502.50	04/29/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435862	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$552.75	04/29/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435865	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$614.17	04/29/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435869	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$4,522.50	04/29/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435872	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	04/29/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435877	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$50.67	05/01/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435880	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$23.95	05/01/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435884	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$46.20	05/01/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435889	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$582.36	05/05/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435893	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$76.62	05/07/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435895	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$335.00	05/12/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435899	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$140.27	05/12/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435903	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$739.16	05/14/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435907	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	05/16/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435912	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$4,623.00	05/16/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435916	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	05/28/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435920	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	05/28/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435924	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$4,355.00	05/28/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435927	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$452.25	05/28/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435931	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$402.00	05/28/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435935	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$335.00	05/28/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435939	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	05/28/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435944	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	05/28/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435948	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$274.40	05/30/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435952	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$9.00	05/30/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435955	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$45.44	06/05/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435959	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$20.97	06/05/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435962	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$148.50	06/05/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435967	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$7.03	06/06/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435970	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$37.46	06/06/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435975	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$4.78	06/06/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435980	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$134.10	06/06/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435984	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$32.98	06/06/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435988	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$455.87	06/06/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435992	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$588.97	06/06/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204435996	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$823.65	06/06/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436000	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,507.50	06/06/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436004	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,507.50	06/06/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436008	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3.86	06/07/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436012	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$16.22	06/07/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436017	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$24.30	06/07/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436020	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	06/17/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436024	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	06/23/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436029	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$12.51	06/23/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436033	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$28.99	06/23/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436037	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$68.60	06/23/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436042	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	07/02/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436046	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$180.97	07/09/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436050	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$83.71	07/09/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436054	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$59.06	07/10/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436058	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$111.94	07/10/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436062	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$781.97	07/10/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436065	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$452.08	07/10/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436070	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$161.00	07/10/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436073	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$13.26	07/10/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436076	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,527.19	07/10/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436079	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$64.43	07/10/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436083	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$332.74	07/11/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436087	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$22.00	07/11/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436091	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$88.62	07/14/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436096	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$33.30	07/16/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436100	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$5,293.00	07/17/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436104	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	07/17/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436108	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	07/17/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436113	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	07/17/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436117	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$5,025.00	07/24/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436121	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	07/24/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436125	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	07/24/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436129	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	07/24/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436133	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$11.43	08/04/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436137	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$35.84	08/05/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436140	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$13.88	08/05/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436145	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$33.12	08/05/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436148	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$561.96	08/05/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436152	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,548.70	08/05/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436159	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$359.86	08/05/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436162	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$24.57	08/05/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436166	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$124.41	08/05/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436170	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$33.15	08/06/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436173	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$35.98	08/06/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436177	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$35.84	08/07/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436181	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$38.30	08/07/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436185	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$38.06	08/08/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436188	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$35.94	08/08/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436193	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$440.56	08/19/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436197	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$74.02	08/19/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436201	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$551.98	08/19/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436205	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,090.80	08/19/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436208	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$37.42	08/19/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436213	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$31.82	08/19/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436218	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$127.61	08/20/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436222	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$38.58	08/20/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436225	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$43.35	08/20/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436229	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$41.65	08/21/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436234	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$6.55	08/21/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436238	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$31.55	08/21/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436242	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$27.37	08/22/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436245	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$37.70	08/22/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436249	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$65.80	08/26/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436253	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	08/26/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436259	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$28.35	08/26/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436262	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$113.00	08/28/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436266	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,350.00	09/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436269	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,350.00	09/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436273	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,350.00	09/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436276	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$6,365.00	09/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436280	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,350.00	09/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436284	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,350.00	09/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436288	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$6,365.00	09/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436293	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,350.00	09/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436296	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$304.11	09/18/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436301	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$633.27	09/18/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436304	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$124.76	09/18/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436309	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$238.26	09/20/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436313	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$149.01	09/20/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436317	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$359.57	09/21/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436320	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$83.98	09/21/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436325	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$29.98	09/21/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436328	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$29.98	09/21/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436332	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$50.00	09/21/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436336	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$223.81	09/21/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436340	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$69.99	09/21/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436344	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$525.03	09/22/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436352	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$468.04	09/22/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436354	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$734.37	09/22/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436358	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$8.33	09/22/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436362	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$79.49	09/22/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436366	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$11.66	09/23/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436370	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	09/23/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436374	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$5.73	09/24/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436378	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	09/25/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436383	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	09/25/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436387	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	10/02/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436390	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	10/02/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436394	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	10/02/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436398	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$4.51	10/06/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436402	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$840.26	10/06/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436405	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$44.00	10/06/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436409	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	10/06/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436413	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$8.00	10/06/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436417	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$7.69	10/13/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436421	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$10.02	10/13/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436425	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$216.70	10/13/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436430	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$596.97	10/13/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436434	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$44.00	10/13/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436438	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$37.08	10/14/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436442	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$4,020.00	10/14/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436446	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$8.75	10/17/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436450	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$6.04	10/17/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436453	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$766.98	10/17/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436457	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$195.37	10/17/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436462	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$44.00	10/17/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436466	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$16.44	10/21/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436470	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	10/23/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436475	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	10/23/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436478	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$73.46	10/26/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436482	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$114.75	10/27/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436488	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$25.00	10/27/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436492	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$67.01	10/27/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436496	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$109.97	10/27/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436499	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$60.00	10/27/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436503	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$60.00	10/28/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436506	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$476.96	10/28/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436511	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,044.04	10/28/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436516	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$25.00	10/28/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436520	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$69.00	10/28/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436524	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$144.11	10/28/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436527	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	10/29/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436531	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$111.45	10/29/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436536	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$70.00	10/29/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436539	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$60.00	10/29/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436544	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$109.94	10/29/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436547	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$25.00	10/29/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436551	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$60.00	10/30/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436555	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$70.00	10/30/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436558	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$25.00	10/30/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436562	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$149.39	11/02/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436566	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3.97	11/02/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436570	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$61.32	11/02/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436574	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$149.45	11/03/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436578	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3.97	11/03/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436582	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$587.01	11/03/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436585	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$60.16	11/03/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436590	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$150.67	11/04/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436592	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$804.80	11/04/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436596	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$23.95	11/04/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436601	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$12.00	11/05/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436607	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$20.94	11/05/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436611	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$483.92	11/05/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436615	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$610.34	11/05/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436620	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$26.93	11/10/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436624	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$84.90	11/10/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436627	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$966.97	11/10/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436631	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$64.00	11/10/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436636	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$202.07	11/10/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436640	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$23.21	11/11/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436644	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$15.95	11/11/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436650	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$10.39	11/13/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436653	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	11/13/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436658	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	11/13/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436662	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	11/13/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436667	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,172.50	11/18/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436670	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	11/20/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436674	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	11/20/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436679	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$548.97	11/20/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436683	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$497.50	11/20/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436686	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	11/20/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436690	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,500.00	11/20/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436694	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,340.00	11/24/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436699	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$418.75	11/26/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436703	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$489.89	11/30/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436707	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$5.86	12/01/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436712	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1.75	12/01/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436716	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$29.61	12/01/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436719	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,166.39	12/01/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436723	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$296.66	12/01/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436727	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$0.90	12/01/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436731	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$4.12	12/01/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436735	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$9.55	12/02/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436740	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$32.79	12/02/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436743	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$245.46	12/02/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436747	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$7.18	12/03/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436751	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3.31	12/03/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436756	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$9.27	12/04/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436760	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	12/04/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436765	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,015.00	12/04/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436769	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	12/04/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436773	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$33.16	12/10/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436778	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	12/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436782	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$3,685.00	12/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436786	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	12/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436790	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	12/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436794	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	12/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436797	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	12/11/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436801	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$286.50	12/15/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436804	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,758.75	12/15/2025	Consulting Fee	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436808	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$0.57	12/16/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436812	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$1,090.80	12/16/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436815	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$298.50	12/16/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436819	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$42.08	12/16/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436823	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$36.13	12/16/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436828	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$39.80	12/17/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436832	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$37.38	12/17/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436837	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$28.14	12/17/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436841	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$2,345.00	12/18/2025	Compensation for services other than consulting, including serving as faculty or as a speaker at a venue other than a continuing education program	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436845	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$35.84	12/18/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436849	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$34.17	12/18/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436853	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$38.86	12/19/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436857	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$35.66	12/19/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436862	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$21.42	12/19/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436867	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$5.46	12/29/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436871	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$28.80	12/29/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436875	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$26.60	12/29/2025	Travel and Lodging	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436881	CMS
ABBVIE INC.	$12.61	12/30/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1204436885	CMS
MIMEDX Group, Inc.	$74.86	02/27/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1235863966	CMS
Smith+Nephew, Inc.	$20.87	04/22/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1242178605	CMS
Smith+Nephew, Inc.	$23.43	08/05/2025	Food and Beverage	Undisputed	06/30/2026	1242178607	CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset: CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date: 2026-06-30
Program years on this page: 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025
Source files: Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024 , PY2025
Generated from: OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2025_P06302026_06032026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.