Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · CMS publication 2026-06-30 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

KAYLA PUDLIN HARM

Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers Nurse Practitioner Family

NPI
1164232625
CMS profile
11842589
Location
FORT MYERS, FL

General Payments · PY2025

$3,818.20

  • Reported across 167 records
  • CMS publication 2026-06-30

Latest program year · PY2025

$3,818.20

167 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • This total is the sum of the individual General Payments record amounts CMS published for the labeled program year(s); each record amount is used unmodified. The total itself is computed by this site. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

By nature of payment

PY2025 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $3,626.21 165
Education $191.99 2

By paying entity

PY2025 · sorted by reported total

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2025 $3,818.20 167

Payment records · PY2025 (167)

Ordering applied by this site (paying entity, then date) · record values are shown as CMS published them

Program year 2025
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $17.26 09/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1205532946 CMS
Adaptive Biotechnologies Corporation $20.89 10/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1254938223 CMS
ADC THERAPEUTICS AMERICA, INC. $17.67 06/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1246115172 CMS
Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $18.14 01/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1253243744 CMS
Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $31.25 09/30/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1253247079 CMS
ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC $26.24 09/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229475829 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $26.06 03/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206511246 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $21.71 03/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1207298524 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $18.32 03/31/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206676143 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $25.51 06/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206153790 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $17.09 07/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1207036875 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $24.54 08/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1207299212 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $24.21 08/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206604511 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $23.83 08/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206324701 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $8.31 10/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1207266176 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $25.66 10/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206685206 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $20.88 10/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1207083759 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $23.17 10/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206859550 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $17.97 11/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1207030333 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $20.40 12/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1207031741 CMS
AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP $22.34 12/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1206746576 CMS
Azurity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $15.64 10/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1242688496 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $0.18 01/31/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718079 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $14.38 01/31/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718083 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $25.72 04/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718091 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $17.14 04/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718095 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $11.81 05/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718075 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $1.80 05/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718065 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $15.87 05/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718087 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $0.96 07/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718056 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $0.91 07/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718069 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $5.25 07/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718099 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $17.94 07/07/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718061 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $1.39 09/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718103 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $10.12 09/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718107 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $18.93 09/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718110 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $19.76 10/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718114 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $0.16 10/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718125 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $1.57 10/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718118 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $9.21 10/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718121 CMS
Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc. $16.49 11/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225718129 CMS
BeOne Medicines USA, Inc. $5.72 05/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1202908595 CMS
BeOne Medicines USA, Inc. $25.11 07/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1202908593 CMS
BeOne Medicines USA, Inc. $135.00 07/31/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1202908591 CMS
BeOne Medicines USA, Inc. $16.69 10/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1202908601 CMS
BeOne Medicines USA, Inc. $23.95 11/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1202908597 CMS
BeOne Medicines USA, Inc. $31.69 12/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1202908599 CMS
Biogen, Inc. $119.86 06/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1208383297 CMS
Blueprint Medicines Corporation $16.69 04/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1235811102 CMS
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $24.48 04/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1222858586 CMS
Celgene Corporation $26.13 07/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184485832 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $18.18 06/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1197081519 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $26.94 06/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1197083201 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $24.06 09/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1197035983 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $27.86 09/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1197034729 CMS
Daiichi Sankyo Inc. $23.13 10/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1197035561 CMS
Dendreon Pharmaceuticals LLC $19.25 03/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1245017630 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.18 06/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184485822 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $20.70 08/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184485846 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $20.02 08/29/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184485852 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $22.19 12/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184485874 CMS
Eisai Inc. $17.22 10/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1244538299 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $31.51 12/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233279978 CMS
Geron Corporation $23.36 08/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238901241 CMS
Geron Corporation $17.18 08/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238901243 CMS
Geron Corporation $21.81 11/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238901245 CMS
Geron Corporation $31.22 12/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238901247 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $20.84 04/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234519839 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $20.89 04/30/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234519343 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $23.83 05/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234486072 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $17.11 08/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234556927 CMS
Gilead Sciences, Inc. $19.22 12/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234536550 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $20.79 03/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1190823311 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $31.13 09/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1191072913 CMS
GlaxoSmithKline, LLC. $21.87 11/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1191267086 CMS
Incyte Corporation $24.92 01/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1226072089 CMS
Incyte Corporation $14.57 03/07/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1226051432 CMS
Incyte Corporation $21.38 03/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1226060588 CMS
Incyte Corporation $20.01 04/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1226098254 CMS
Incyte Corporation $15.97 06/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1226088454 CMS
Incyte Corporation $25.72 06/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1226095007 CMS
Incyte Corporation $18.31 07/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1226049681 CMS
Incyte Corporation $14.82 07/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1226147916 CMS
Incyte Corporation $23.33 08/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1226041524 CMS
Incyte Corporation $92.99 08/15/2025 Education Undisputed 06/30/2026 1226144234 CMS
Incyte Corporation $19.59 12/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1225964329 CMS
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc $29.12 06/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1208883647 CMS
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc $17.86 08/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1208883649 CMS
Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc $19.18 12/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1208883651 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $119.92 08/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1241643293 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $23.99 02/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175084585 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.10 04/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175087510 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.55 04/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175083809 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $99.00 05/02/2025 Education Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175088410 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $23.42 06/04/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175084062 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $28.75 07/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175083084 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $18.52 07/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175088064 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $18.33 07/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175087624 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $14.27 08/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175087306 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $9.78 08/26/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175084440 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $8.68 08/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175088219 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $12.43 10/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175083513 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $19.68 10/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175083137 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.56 10/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175089432 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $19.83 10/30/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175084579 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $15.84 11/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175087989 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $17.77 12/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1175084975 CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $23.93 05/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234903243 CMS
JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS INC. $21.87 07/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234903669 CMS
Legend Biotech USA Inc. $37.72 10/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1236477914 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $19.19 01/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187198402 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $32.02 02/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238344920 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $15.38 02/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238353900 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $13.53 03/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238026200 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $23.76 03/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238171466 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $24.79 04/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238121701 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $19.79 05/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238257247 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $28.91 08/04/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238129137 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $27.98 09/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238130269 CMS
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC $30.61 11/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1238071188 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $14.47 03/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200763323 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $26.81 03/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200763333 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $24.99 03/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200763325 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $0.29 03/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200763327 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $25.09 05/07/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200763329 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $29.03 05/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200763331 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $21.27 08/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200763335 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $29.34 08/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200763337 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $30.56 10/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200763339 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $26.62 10/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200763341 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $32.83 12/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200664502 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $14.03 12/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200664506 CMS
Novocure Inc. $21.40 07/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1251151179 CMS
PFIZER INC. $13.03 02/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1231260718 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.97 03/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1231477019 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.54 04/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1231606154 CMS
PFIZER INC. $28.96 04/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1231612533 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.80 05/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1231296878 CMS
PFIZER INC. $10.92 05/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1231712771 CMS
PFIZER INC. $22.44 08/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229117274 CMS
PFIZER INC. $22.56 08/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229159456 CMS
PFIZER INC. $13.03 10/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229464584 CMS
PFIZER INC. $24.70 10/07/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229544442 CMS
PFIZER INC. $22.67 10/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229385876 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.95 10/29/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229387763 CMS
PFIZER INC. $10.03 11/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229513198 CMS
PFIZER INC. $33.10 12/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229388891 CMS
Pharmacosmos Therapeutics Inc. $16.53 08/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1250740925 CMS
Pharmacosmos Therapeutics Inc. $16.79 12/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1250740928 CMS
PUMA BIOTECHNOLOGY, INC. $15.13 06/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1251742848 CMS
RECORDATI_RARE_DISEASES_INC. $36.33 06/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1181732233 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $32.39 08/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213191856 CMS
SOBI, INC $22.16 05/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1240234849 CMS
SOBI, INC $24.12 05/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1240234851 CMS
SOBI, INC $19.60 06/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1240234854 CMS
SOBI, INC $16.72 08/07/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1240234858 CMS
SOBI, INC $16.62 08/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1240234863 CMS
SOBI, INC $20.32 10/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1240234867 CMS
SOBI, INC $18.75 11/04/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1240234872 CMS
Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. $18.59 07/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1176794652 CMS
TAIHO ONCOLOGY, INC. $18.90 06/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1211412981 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $31.25 05/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224083570 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $32.41 05/30/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224086118 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $34.15 06/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224089480 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $21.90 07/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224035431 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $18.78 11/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224006463 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $20.17 11/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224019893 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-06-30
Program years on this page
2025
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2025
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2025_P06302026_06032026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.