7D Surgical ULC
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Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments
These records are submitted to CMS and attested to by the reporting companies. CMS publishes them as reported; this site mirrors them without independent verification.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
CMS updates this data on an annual cycle, and corrections or successful disputes made at CMS may not yet appear here. The official CMS record is authoritative for the current state.
Page 1 of 2; records 1–50 of 73 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. Use the CSV download for all matching records.
IndustryPayments · General Payments
7D Surgical ULC
CMS reporting company ID 100000961855
General Payments, PY2021; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types
Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00
Page 1 of 2; records 1–50 of 73 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export.
Filtered page: https://industrypayments.org/company/100000961855?year=2021&recipient=all#records-h
CMS source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/0380bbeb-aea1-58b6-b708-829f92a48202
Cite these filtered records
The citation includes this program year, filters, data edition, and page of results.
- Plain
- 7D Surgical ULC, CMS reporting company ID 100000961855. General Payments, PY2021; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types. Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00. Page 1 of 2; records 1–50 of 73 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. IndustryPayments. https://industrypayments.org/company/100000961855?year=2021&recipient=all#records-h. Source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/0380bbeb-aea1-58b6-b708-829f92a48202.
- APA 7
- IndustryPayments. (2026). 7D Surgical ULC, CMS reporting company ID 100000961855. General Payments, PY2021; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types. Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00. Page 1 of 2; records 1–50 of 73 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. [Filtered data set page]. https://industrypayments.org/company/100000961855?year=2021&recipient=all#records-h. Source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/0380bbeb-aea1-58b6-b708-829f92a48202.
- Bluebook
- 7D Surgical ULC, CMS reporting company ID 100000961855, IndustryPayments, General Payments, PY2021; Recipient scope: All recipient types; Nature of payment: All payment types (Data edition: cms-20260630-workflow-20261105-v2; CMS publication: 2026-06-30; records imported: 2026-11-05T09:06:52.159882+00:00). Page 1 of 2; records 1–50 of 73 matching records. This page contains 50 records (maximum 50), not the full filtered export. Source: https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov/dataset/0380bbeb-aea1-58b6-b708-829f92a48202. https://industrypayments.org/company/100000961855?year=2021&recipient=all#records-h.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Open Payments
Citation formats are provided for reference; check the requirements of your publication.
Payment records · PY2021
Date, newest first, then reporting company; values as published by CMS.
General Payments · PY2021 · All recipient types · CMS publication 2026-06-30
73 matching records · $15,377.12 reported total · 0 disputed
Nature of payment: All payment types
Records imported here (UTC).
Download all 73 matching records (CSV)
CSV includes CMS record IDs, source and publication dates, the data edition, and a link to these filters. Formula-like text cells are prefixed with an apostrophe for spreadsheet safety.
Showing records 1–50 of 73.
| Recipient | Paying entity | Amount | Date | Nature of payment | Dispute status | Publication flags | Published | Record ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALEX CRUZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $381.97 | 12/11/2021 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441787 | CMS |
| KENT LYLE WALKER Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $75.52 | 12/08/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441685 | CMS |
| JOSHUA W MEIER Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $75.52 | 12/08/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441687 | CMS |
| KENT LYLE WALKER Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $14.06 | 12/07/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441681 | CMS |
| JOSHUA W MEIER Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $14.06 | 12/07/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441683 | CMS |
| MICHAEL C ALBERT Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $67.48 | 12/01/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441697 | CMS |
| JANMEET SAHOTA Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $37.23 | 11/23/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441691 | CMS |
| ALLEN B SHOHAM Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $37.23 | 11/23/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441693 | CMS |
| CAMERON RITCHIE Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $37.23 | 11/23/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441695 | CMS |
| JEFFREY JOHN LARSON Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $37.23 | 11/23/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441715 | CMS |
| JEREMY M STEINBERGER Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $175.20 | 11/22/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441689 | CMS |
| EVAN M PACKER Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $132.08 | 11/22/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441703 | CMS |
| KENT LYLE WALKER Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $149.70 | 10/27/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441677 | CMS |
| JOSHUA W MEIER Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $149.70 | 10/27/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441679 | CMS |
| STEVEN JEFFREY TRESSER Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $114.25 | 10/21/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441673 | CMS |
| STEVEN JEFFREY TRESSER Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $17.21 | 10/21/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441675 | CMS |
| CHANDAN G REDDY Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $105.02 | 10/18/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441671 | CMS |
| CRAIG EBERSON Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $39.07 | 10/07/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441669 | CMS |
| ALEX CRUZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $119.01 | 09/17/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441785 | CMS |
| DOUGLAS GEORGE ORNDORFF Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $148.12 | 08/31/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441657 | CMS |
| RYAN MARTYN Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $148.12 | 08/31/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441659 | CMS |
| PAUL T GEIBEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $153.29 | 08/23/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441711 | CMS |
| CHINTAN S SAMPAT Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $14.67 | 08/06/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441651 | CMS |
| CHAD CAMPION Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $112.21 | 07/12/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441653 | CMS |
| BENJAMIN WEISENTHAL Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $112.21 | 07/12/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441661 | CMS |
| CHARLES YU Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $112.21 | 07/12/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441665 | CMS |
| RYAN JOSEPH SEAL Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $13.47 | 07/07/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441667 | CMS |
| BRIAN K HUDSON Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $64.33 | 07/05/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441783 | CMS |
| PAWEL PATRYK JANKOWSKI Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $2,000.00 | 06/30/2021 | Consulting Fee | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441705 | CMS |
| DANIEL MARTIN HARWELL Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $111.47 | 06/30/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441763 | CMS |
| MICHAEL THAMBUSWAMY Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $111.62 | 06/30/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441765 | CMS |
| WAYNE KELLEY Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $112.80 | 06/26/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441663 | CMS |
| PHILIP G PLOSKA Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $112.68 | 06/26/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441775 | CMS |
| ASHVIN I PATEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $63.46 | 06/18/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441745 | CMS |
| MATTHEW A CHIN Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $63.46 | 06/18/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441747 | CMS |
| NGOC-LAM MINH NGUYEN Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $63.46 | 06/18/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441789 | CMS |
| ALEX CRUZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $706.90 | 06/12/2021 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441761 | CMS |
| PAUL T GEIBEL Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $139.29 | 06/11/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441707 | CMS |
| ALEX CRUZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $139.21 | 06/11/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441767 | CMS |
| MAAHIR U HAQUE Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $85.40 | 06/10/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441721 | CMS |
| JEFFREY JOHN LARSON Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $11.96 | 06/07/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441709 | CMS |
| EMUN ABDU Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $525.94 | 06/03/2021 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441719 | CMS |
| BENSON P YANG Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $11.81 | 06/02/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441725 | CMS |
| PAUL ACKERMAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $11.94 | 06/02/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441727 | CMS |
| MEGAN WIENECKE Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $501.95 | 06/01/2021 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441717 | CMS |
| BENSON P YANG Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $12.87 | 05/28/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441729 | CMS |
| PAUL ACKERMAN Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $13.00 | 05/28/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441731 | CMS |
| BENJAMIN PAUL BOUDREAUX Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $33.56 | 05/24/2021 | Food and Beverage | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441773 | CMS |
| ALEX CRUZ Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $467.04 | 05/19/2021 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441755 | CMS |
| BONAVENTURE B NGU Physician / non-physician practitioner | 7D Surgical ULC | $367.43 | 05/15/2021 | Travel and Lodging | No dispute reported | Delay: No Change: UNCHANGED | 06/30/2026 | 828441757 | CMS |
Practitioner overview · all loaded program years
54 providers listed 75 records General Payments
General Payments to practitioners — all loaded program years
- Category: General Payments
- Program years: 2021, 2022
- Record count: 75
- Providers listed: 54
Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.
Figures reflect General Payments this manufacturer or GPO reported to CMS. Research and Ownership/Investment payments are separate datasets and are not included here.
Coverage: program years 2019–2025, General Payments only, reported to physicians and non-physician practitioners. Payments to teaching hospitals are not included in these practitioner figures. Each figure is labeled with its category and program year; categories are never combined.
Practitioner payments by program year
| Program year | Reported | Records | Providers | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PY2021 | $15,377.12 | 73 | 53 | This company in PY2021 → |
| PY2022 | $219.10 | 2 | 2 | This company in PY2022 → |
By recipient specialty (7)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians 5 specialties 51 providers
Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers 2 specialties 3 providers
Providers listed (54)
Sorted by name; identical names by identifier.
| Provider | Specialty | State | Records reported by this company |
|---|---|---|---|
| ALEX CRUZ | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | TX | 5 |
| ALLEN B SHOHAM | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Pain Medicine|Interventional Pain Medicine | WA | 1 |
| ARMOND L LEVY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | PA | 1 |
| ASHVIN I PATEL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | FL | 1 |
| ASHVIN T RAGOOWANSI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | NC | 1 |
| BENJAMIN PAUL BOUDREAUX | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | NC | 1 |
| BENJAMIN WEISENTHAL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | TN | 1 |
| BENSON P YANG | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | IL | 2 |
| BONAVENTURE B NGU | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | TX | 1 |
| BRIAN K HUDSON | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | FL | 2 |
| CAMERON RITCHIE | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Physician Assistant | WA | 1 |
| CHAD CAMPION | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | TN | 1 |
| CHANDAN G REDDY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | FL | 1 |
| CHARLES YU | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | LA | 1 |
| CHINTAN S SAMPAT | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | IL | 1 |
| CHRISTOPHER P COMSTOCK | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery | TX | 2 |
| CORINNA CLIO ZYGOURAKIS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | CA | 2 |
| CRAIG EBERSON | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | RI | 1 |
| DANIEL MARTIN HARWELL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | OK | 1 |
| DENISHA D RODRIGUEZ | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Nurse Practitioner|Family | FL | 1 |
| DESHDEEPAK SAHNI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | TX | 1 |
| DOUGLAS GEORGE ORNDORFF | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | NM | 3 |
| EMUN ABDU | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | AZ | 1 |
| EVAN M PACKER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | FL | 3 |
| JAMES BILLYS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | FL | 1 |
| JANMEET SAHOTA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | WA | 1 |
| JAYSON A SACK | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | FL | 1 |
| JEFFREY JOHN LARSON | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | ID | 2 |
| JEREMY M STEINBERGER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | NJ | 1 |
| JOSHUA W MEIER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery | KY | 3 |
| JUAN MARTIN VALDIVIA VALDIVIA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | FL | 1 |
| KENT LYLE WALKER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery | KY | 3 |
| LUIS E DUARTE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | TX | 1 |
| MAAHIR U HAQUE | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | FL | 1 |
| MARK B KERNER | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | VA | 1 |
| MARK B LONSTEIN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | FL | 1 |
| MARK W MCFARLAND | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | VA | 1 |
| MATTHEW A CHIN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | FL | 1 |
| MATTHEW F PHILIPS | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | MA | 1 |
| MEGAN WIENECKE | Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers|Physician Assistant | AZ | 1 |
| MICHAEL A VENEZIA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | FL | 1 |
| MICHAEL C ALBERT | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery | OH | 1 |
| MICHAEL THAMBUSWAMY | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | OK | 1 |
| NGOC-LAM MINH NGUYEN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | FL | 1 |
| NILESH M PATEL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | MI | 1 |
| PAUL ACKERMAN | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | IL | 2 |
| PAUL T GEIBEL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery|Orthopaedic Surgery of the Spine | TX | 2 |
| PAWEL PATRYK JANKOWSKI | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Neurological Surgery | CA | 1 |
| PHILIP G PLOSKA | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | GA | 1 |
| RYAN JOSEPH SEAL | Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians|Orthopaedic Surgery | OH | 1 |