IndustryPayments
Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-06-30 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

SARA ELIZABETH VOLZ

Physician Assistants & Advanced Practice Nursing Providers Nurse Practitioner

NPI
1639832488
CMS profile
11269465
Location
OLATHE, KS

General Payments · PY2021–2025

$9,220.50

  • Reported across 563 records
  • CMS publication 2026-06-30

Latest program year · PY2025

$2,553.37

167 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

Related groups: Nurse Practitioner KS All categories

By nature of payment

PY2025 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $2,502.98 164
Education $50.39 3

By paying entity

PY2025 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $521.49 31
ABBVIE INC. $466.26 34
UCB, Inc. $256.00 18
Lilly USA, LLC $250.77 17
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $217.30 16
PFIZER INC. $150.11 14
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $137.16 5
NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION $107.39 6
Organon LLC $94.14 7
Amgen Inc. $89.08 5
GENZYME CORPORATION $56.22 3
LEO Pharma Inc. $53.48 3
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $39.29 2
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $38.27 2
Incyte Corporation $25.28 1
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $24.10 1
Botanix SB Inc $13.57 1
MIMEDX Group, Inc. $13.46 1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2021 $420.70 15
PY2022 $1,173.46 70
PY2023 $2,172.45 136
PY2024 $2,900.52 175
PY2025 $2,553.37 167

Payment records · PY2025 (167)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2025 2021202220232024 Record-level detail is published for PY2025; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $8.45 01/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965502 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.29 01/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965509 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.87 02/07/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965515 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.79 02/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965521 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.25 04/04/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965528 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.94 04/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965533 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.07 04/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965538 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.20 04/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965545 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.60 04/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965551 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.56 05/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965557 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $16.73 05/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965565 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $10.05 05/30/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965572 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.86 06/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965578 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $23.97 06/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965584 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.60 07/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965590 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.78 07/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965598 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.56 08/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965604 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $22.66 08/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965610 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.58 08/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965617 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $2.44 09/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965621 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $20.05 09/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965628 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.49 10/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965635 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $5.90 10/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965641 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.80 10/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965647 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $10.35 10/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965653 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.57 10/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965660 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $4.94 11/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965666 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $13.19 11/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965672 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $21.60 11/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965679 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.02 12/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965684 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $3.79 12/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965692 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.36 12/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965698 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.98 12/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965705 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.97 12/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1203965711 CMS
Amgen Inc. $14.24 01/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229411058 CMS
Amgen Inc. $24.22 04/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229411063 CMS
Amgen Inc. $16.29 06/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229411053 CMS
Amgen Inc. $14.91 09/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229411043 CMS
Amgen Inc. $19.42 10/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229411049 CMS
Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc. $24.10 06/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1252429593 CMS
Botanix SB Inc $13.57 10/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1246284686 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $20.28 01/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392706 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $29.29 01/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392708 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $6.20 02/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392710 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $18.53 03/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392716 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $8.20 03/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392714 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $20.63 04/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392718 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $20.16 04/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392720 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $12.11 04/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392722 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $11.30 05/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392724 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $19.87 05/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392726 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $10.11 05/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392728 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $17.49 06/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392738 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $16.78 06/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392730 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $23.47 06/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392732 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $11.41 06/26/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392736 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $10.78 07/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392734 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $46.85 07/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392742 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $3.91 07/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392740 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $16.82 08/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392744 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $13.24 08/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392746 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $33.93 08/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392754 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $7.64 08/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392748 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $10.52 09/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392750 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $16.56 09/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392752 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $19.23 09/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392758 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $30.68 09/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392768 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $7.62 10/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392764 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $21.89 10/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392774 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $14.20 10/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392770 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $19.20 10/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392700 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $2.59 10/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1184392702 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $14.63 10/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234837448 CMS
Galderma Laboratories, L.P. $23.64 11/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1234837450 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $18.33 01/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233307352 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $13.76 02/27/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233307364 CMS
GENZYME CORPORATION $24.13 07/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1233307420 CMS
Incyte Corporation $25.28 04/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1226017463 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $10.17 01/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453299 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $0.62 01/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453847 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $21.40 03/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174454037 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $15.43 03/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453224 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $14.39 04/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453325 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $14.45 04/29/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453140 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $22.35 05/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453083 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $24.45 07/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453497 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.24 08/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174452918 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.81 09/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453033 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $15.36 10/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453400 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $1.05 10/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453986 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $16.17 10/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174452927 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $19.59 10/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453977 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $5.22 12/30/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453357 CMS
Janssen Biotech, Inc. $3.60 12/30/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1174453473 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $18.68 01/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1252098028 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $17.15 11/19/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1252098030 CMS
LEO Pharma Inc. $17.65 12/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1252098032 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $14.18 01/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187300775 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.85 02/26/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187308965 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.38 03/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187287336 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $12.80 04/08/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187261859 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $20.12 04/16/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187308967 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $23.40 05/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187264483 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $25.52 05/12/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187260401 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $18.24 06/11/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187308969 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $13.33 06/26/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187261861 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $12.20 07/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187316266 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $22.45 07/29/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187264485 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $17.43 08/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187233999 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $14.49 09/02/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187261863 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $2.16 09/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187287338 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $4.17 09/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187316268 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $1.49 10/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187300777 CMS
Lilly USA, LLC $9.56 10/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1187317396 CMS
MIMEDX Group, Inc. $13.46 06/18/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1235868068 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $22.05 02/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200079495 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $16.84 05/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200079499 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $13.46 06/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200079501 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $14.60 08/04/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200079503 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $16.47 09/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200079505 CMS
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation $23.97 11/05/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1200079507 CMS
Organon LLC $11.98 01/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1237748418 CMS
Organon LLC $16.24 02/04/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1237748424 CMS
Organon LLC $14.88 02/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1237748420 CMS
Organon LLC $10.21 03/13/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1237748416 CMS
Organon LLC $7.52 03/26/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1237748414 CMS
Organon LLC $15.61 03/31/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1237748422 CMS
Organon LLC $17.70 04/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1237748426 CMS
PFIZER INC. $2.64 01/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1231643401 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.12 03/10/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1231560331 CMS
PFIZER INC. $6.67 03/21/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1231389273 CMS
PFIZER INC. $3.70 03/26/2025 Education Undisputed 06/30/2026 1230137713 CMS
PFIZER INC. $3.70 03/26/2025 Education Undisputed 06/30/2026 1230137724 CMS
PFIZER INC. $7.77 04/30/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1228852006 CMS
PFIZER INC. $7.53 05/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1228857611 CMS
PFIZER INC. $17.59 07/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1231690899 CMS
PFIZER INC. $14.31 08/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229057387 CMS
PFIZER INC. $18.32 08/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229093276 CMS
PFIZER INC. $20.96 09/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229437499 CMS
PFIZER INC. $9.90 10/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229305719 CMS
PFIZER INC. $6.68 10/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229310084 CMS
PFIZER INC. $16.22 11/04/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1229601080 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $20.11 01/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213224199 CMS
Regeneron Healthcare Solutions, Inc. $19.18 10/29/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1213224201 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $21.15 06/09/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1251126333 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $29.77 07/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1251126335 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $17.30 07/22/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1251126331 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $25.95 10/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1251126337 CMS
SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES INC. $42.99 10/24/2025 Education Undisputed 06/30/2026 1251126329 CMS
UCB, Inc. $16.12 01/14/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224712737 CMS
UCB, Inc. $10.12 01/30/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224712741 CMS
UCB, Inc. $22.53 02/07/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224712745 CMS
UCB, Inc. $15.83 03/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224712748 CMS
UCB, Inc. $1.06 06/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224712753 CMS
UCB, Inc. $9.46 06/03/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224712757 CMS
UCB, Inc. $25.09 07/23/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224712761 CMS
UCB, Inc. $14.91 08/06/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224466934 CMS
UCB, Inc. $0.59 09/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224466936 CMS
UCB, Inc. $11.91 09/25/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224466938 CMS
UCB, Inc. $1.02 10/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224466940 CMS
UCB, Inc. $18.02 10/01/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224466942 CMS
UCB, Inc. $26.54 10/15/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224466944 CMS
UCB, Inc. $5.37 10/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224466946 CMS
UCB, Inc. $5.85 10/28/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224466948 CMS
UCB, Inc. $24.53 11/20/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224466950 CMS
UCB, Inc. $17.68 11/24/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224466952 CMS
UCB, Inc. $29.37 12/17/2025 Food and Beverage Undisputed 06/30/2026 1224466954 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-06-30
Program years on this page
2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024 , PY2025
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2025_P06302026_06032026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.