IndustryPayments
Official source Data mirrored from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments · General Payments · as published 2026-01-23 View official record Methodology

Covered recipient · General Payments record

DONOVAN D CLARK

Allopathic & Osteopathic Physicians Psychiatry & Neurology Psychiatry

NPI
1235199100
CMS profile
426908
Location
DANVILLE, VA

General Payments · PY2018–2024

$12,486.01

  • Reported across 644 records
  • CMS publication 2026-01-23

Latest program year · PY2024

$3,605.00

155 records · 0 disputed

Financial relationships do not necessarily indicate an improper relationship; the data is open to interpretation.

How these totals are calculated
  • The total is the sum of the General Payments records CMS published for the labeled program year(s), exactly as published. Nothing is estimated, weighted, or combined across categories.
  • General Payments only. Research and Ownership/Investment are separate datasets and are never summed with these figures; amounts are kept separate per program year.
  • Featured-page threshold (a presentation gate, not a judgment): records>=3 OR total>=100 (all years).
  • Methodology & Data — sourcing, labeling, and limitations.

Related groups: Psychiatry VA All categories

By nature of payment

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Nature of paymentAmountRecords
Food and Beverage $3,577.73 154
Education $27.27 1

By paying entity

PY2024 · sorted by reported total

Paying entityAmountRecords
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $454.20 10
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $437.90 24
ITI, Inc. $406.98 16
Lundbeck LLC $405.62 26
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $384.89 12
Alkermes, Inc. $353.79 16
ABBVIE INC. $296.19 14
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $255.34 12
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $226.34 15
Neurocrine BioSciences, Inc. $188.98 7
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $180.65 2
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $14.12 1

By program year

All program years on this page · sorted by year

Program yearAmountRecords
PY2018 $796.99 69
PY2019 $1,134.89 87
PY2020 $445.99 24
PY2021 $1,418.33 78
PY2022 $1,896.97 101
PY2023 $3,187.84 130
PY2024 $3,605.00 155

Payment records · PY2024 (155)

Sorted by paying entity, then date · as published by CMS

Program year 2024 201820192020202120222023 Record-level detail is published for PY2024; earlier years are summarised in “By program year”.
Paying entity Amount Date Nature of payment Dispute status Published Record ID Source
ABBVIE INC. $9.20 01/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476741 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $12.03 01/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476743 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $10.53 02/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476745 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $17.98 04/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476747 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $19.94 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476749 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $11.73 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476751 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.26 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476753 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $18.26 07/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476755 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $9.73 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476757 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $14.08 08/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476759 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $119.70 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476761 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $8.17 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476763 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.15 09/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476765 CMS
ABBVIE INC. $15.43 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1103476767 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $18.30 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480632 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $24.22 02/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480634 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $21.60 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480636 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $20.17 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480638 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $17.77 04/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480640 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $26.64 05/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480642 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $17.77 05/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480644 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $27.55 06/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480646 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $19.66 06/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480648 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $18.24 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480650 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $28.15 07/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480652 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $11.45 08/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480654 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $19.68 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480656 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $31.74 10/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480658 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $20.96 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480660 CMS
Alkermes, Inc. $29.89 12/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1120480662 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $11.35 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505002 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $9.09 09/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505028 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $27.27 10/08/2024 Education Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505017 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $2.33 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505086 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $16.38 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505094 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $10.48 10/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505082 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $8.53 10/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505090 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $119.99 10/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505151 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $29.35 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505131 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $2.53 12/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505135 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $16.80 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505139 CMS
E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C. $1.24 12/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1101505143 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $17.66 02/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208477 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $1.04 02/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208480 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $24.77 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208484 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $21.40 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208488 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $25.27 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208491 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $14.71 04/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208495 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $16.55 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208499 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $1.84 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208502 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $25.37 06/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208506 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $8.58 07/18/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208510 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $32.12 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208514 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $33.77 08/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208518 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $26.02 08/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208522 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $119.54 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208526 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $13.68 09/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208529 CMS
ITI, Inc. (d/b/a Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.) $24.66 10/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1143208533 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $34.57 02/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238167 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $34.40 02/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238163 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $44.92 03/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238135 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $34.56 03/27/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238177 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $19.11 04/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238141 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $32.55 05/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238121 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $11.83 06/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238187 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $25.14 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238175 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $36.41 07/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238181 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $40.55 08/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238137 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $44.33 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238173 CMS
Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc $26.52 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1078238129 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $15.52 01/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905473 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $13.97 02/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905475 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $16.73 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905477 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $17.69 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905479 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $14.36 02/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905481 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $13.97 03/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905483 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $14.36 03/21/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905485 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $16.76 03/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905487 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $12.37 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905489 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $15.52 04/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905491 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $15.12 04/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905493 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $16.07 05/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905495 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $13.97 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905497 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $13.12 06/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905499 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $14.05 06/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905501 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $13.97 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905503 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $20.08 08/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905505 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $17.13 09/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905507 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $18.80 10/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905509 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $15.43 10/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905511 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $16.05 10/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905513 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $15.52 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905515 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $13.97 11/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905517 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $22.45 11/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905519 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $14.16 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905521 CMS
Lundbeck LLC $14.48 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1145905523 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $24.20 02/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150842396 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $31.57 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150823439 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $31.53 05/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150823495 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $32.48 09/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150822168 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $27.98 10/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150831255 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $26.62 12/05/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150835178 CMS
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. $14.60 12/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1150876114 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $15.93 01/01/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877092 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $25.99 01/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877094 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $14.70 02/12/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877096 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $18.76 02/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877098 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $5.02 02/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877100 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $19.82 02/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877102 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $18.53 03/20/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877104 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $19.58 04/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877106 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $26.12 04/11/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877108 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $18.83 04/30/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877110 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $14.73 05/02/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877112 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $2.37 05/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877114 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $19.79 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877116 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $16.12 06/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877118 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $26.78 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877120 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $1.39 07/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877122 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $19.64 07/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877124 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $13.77 09/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877126 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $29.42 09/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877128 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $16.77 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877130 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $27.56 09/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877132 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $25.37 11/06/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877134 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $25.31 12/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877136 CMS
Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. $15.60 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1118877138 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $159.50 01/31/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147863221 CMS
Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. $21.15 06/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1147901904 CMS
Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. $14.12 10/22/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1137514308 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $20.26 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575369 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $17.20 05/07/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575397 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $19.54 05/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575399 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $17.72 06/25/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575409 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $27.05 07/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575433 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $13.86 08/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575463 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $1.61 08/15/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575465 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $15.95 08/16/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575467 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $10.94 09/17/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575481 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $9.03 09/26/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575483 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $24.15 10/09/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575493 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $21.50 10/24/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575495 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $1.35 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575499 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $14.18 11/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575501 CMS
Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. $12.00 12/10/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1151575507 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $25.88 01/04/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133899775 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $123.00 01/23/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133899777 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $28.28 02/29/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133899779 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $27.27 03/28/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133899781 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $30.61 05/08/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133899783 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $34.07 06/13/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133899785 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $32.46 08/14/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133899787 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $96.02 09/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133899789 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $29.27 12/03/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133899791 CMS
Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc. $27.34 12/19/2024 Food and Beverage Undisputed 01/23/2026 1133899793 CMS

Source & provenance

Dataset
CMS Open Payments — General Payments
Publisher of source data
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
CMS publication date
2026-01-23
Program years on this page
2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024
Source files
Dataset page · Bulk file · PY2018 , PY2019 , PY2020 , PY2021 , PY2022 , PY2023 , PY2024
Generated from
OP_DTL_GNRL_PGYR2024_P01232026_01102026.csv

One page per canonical provider; split Profile_IDs are merged via Associated_Covered_Recipient_Profile_ID_1/_2 from the Covered Recipient Profile Supplement.

Corrections to the substance of a record route to CMS through its review-and-dispute process; errors in how this site mirrors or displays a record route to us. Both paths are described in Methodology & Data.